近藤 豊

Yutaka Kondo

近藤 豊
国立極地研究所 国際北極環境研究センター 特任教授
東京大学 名誉教授、サイエンスアドバイザー
博士 理学（東京大学）

近藤 豊
国立極地研究所
国際北極環境研究センター 特任教授
東京大学 名誉教授
サイエンスアドバイザー
博士 理学（東京大学）

近藤 豊

プロフィール

近藤 豊
国立極地研究所 特任教授、サイエンスアドバイザー、東京大学名誉教授

〒190-8518 東京都立川市緑町10-3
mail：kondo.yutaka@nipr.ac.jp

専門分野：地球大気環境科学
関連するweb site：https://researchmap.jp/ykondo

学歴

1972年3月
東京大学理学部地球物理学科卒業
1974年3月
東京大学大学院理学系研究科修士
1977年4月
東京大学大学院理学系研究科博士

職歴

1976年10月
名古屋大学空電研究所 助手
1979-1980年
フンボルト財団給費生としてドイツ大気環境科学研究所で研究
1989年4月
名古屋大学空電研究所 助教授
1990年6月
研究所改組により名古屋大学太陽地球環境研究所 助教授
1992年4月
名古屋大学太陽地球環境研究所・大気圏環境部門 教授
1995年4月
名古屋大学太陽地球環境研究所・附属母子里観測所長（併任）
2000年4月
東京大学先端科学技術研究センター 教授
2011年4月
東京大学大学院理学系研究科地球惑星科学専攻 教授
2013年4月
東京大学大学院総合文化研究科附属国際環境学教育機構教授（兼務）
2015年3月
東京大学教授 定年退官
2015年4月
情報・システム研究機構 国立極地研究所 特任教授
2015年6月
東京大学名誉教授

受賞歴

1986年
日本地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会 田中館賞
1990年
日本気象学会 堀内賞
2001年
日本気象学会 気象学会賞
2009年
アメリカ地球物理学連合（AGU）Fellow
2012年
紫綬褒章
2012年
地球化学研究協会学術賞（三宅賞）
2013年
日本気象学会 藤原賞
2014年
東レ科学振興会 東レ科学技術賞
2014年
日本地球惑星科学連合（JpGU）Fellow
2015年
日本学士院賞

NASA Group Achievement Award

1994年
GTE/PEM-West Science and Project Team,
1998年
DC-8 Aircraft SONEX Team
2001年
SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment Science Team.
2009年
Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission Science Team.

所属学会

日本気象学会、日本地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会、日本地球惑星科学連合、アメリカ地球物理学連合（AGU）

1987-1991年
地球電磁気・地球惑星圏学会運営委員
2003-2007年
日本大気化学会会長
2002-2018年
日本気象学会 常任理事
2009-2019年
日本地球惑星科学連合代議員

著書 14編

  • 「地球環境工学ハンドブック」地球環境工学ハンドブック編集委員会 編、「気圏の化学」、近藤 豊、オーム社、1991．
  • 「21世紀の環境を考える」 近藤 豊・松原豊・森滋夫・加藤喜久雄、日刊工業新聞社、1995．
  • 「環境用語辞典」市川惇信、横山長之 編、近藤 豊、オーム社、1997.
  • 「気象の事典」 新田尚・伊藤朋之・木村龍治・住明正・安成哲三 編、「成層圏の化学」、近藤 豊、朝倉書店、2001．
  • 「対流圏大気の化学と地球環境」 秋元肇、河村公隆、中澤高清、鷲田伸明 編　2. 対流圏光化学と反応性微量成分　2.2窒素酸物、近藤 豊、学会出版センター、2002.
  • 「公共哲学」9 地球環境と公共性、佐々木毅、金 泰昌 編、オゾン層の破壊と地球、近藤 豊、東京大学出版会、2002.
  • 大気化学入門D. J. ジェイコブ 著、近藤 豊 訳、東京大学出版会、2002.
  • 地球環境調査計測辞典 第1巻 陸域編①、竹内 均 監修、第2編 大気、第2章第5節、5.1.1、可視紫外分光法、赤外分光法、近藤 豊、フジ・テクノシステム、2002.
  • Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Edited by James R. Holton, John Pyle, and Judith A. Curry, Stratospheric Chemistry and Composition: Reactive Nitrogen (NOx and NOy), Yutaka Kondo, Academic Press, 2002.
  • 気象ハンドブック第1編 気象学、7章 大気化学、近藤 豊、朝倉書店、2005.
  • 気象ハンドブック第VI編 現代気象問題、第43章 汚染物質の長距離輸送、近藤 豊・宮崎雄三、朝倉書店、2005.
  • 第5版 実験化学講座、環境化学、3.1.1. 窒素酸化物、近藤 豊、丸善、2007.
  • 大気力学の基礎 ‒中緯度の総観気象‒、J. E. Martin著、近藤 豊・市橋正生 訳、東京大学出版会、2016年
  • 詳解 大気放射学 基礎と気象・気候学への応用、Grant W. Petty著、近藤 豊・茂木信宏 訳、東京大学出版会、2019.

主要な研究領域

人間活動による地球規模での大気組成の変化が人類の生存環境としての気候と大気の質とに大きな影響を与えることが1980年頃より明らかになり、大気組成の変化を把握し、その変化や影響が生じる過程を解明する研究が急速に発展してきました。私は、この新しく生まれた「地球大気環境科学」と呼ぶべき分野の研究を継続的に行ってきました。私の研究の特徴は高精度測定の追及という観測の原点に一貫して足場を置き、国内外の共同研究プロジェクトを主導しながら、独自に開発した測定器により気球、航空機、地上観測を世界各地で実施したことです。それによって、大気中の微粒子（エアロゾル）、とりわけ炭素微粒子の実態を解明してその気候への影響を明らかにしたのをはじめ、成層圏オゾンの破壊メカニズム、対流圏オゾンを生成する化学過程の統一的理解など、この分野の重要課題の解明に貢献してきました。

1） 成層圏オゾンの研究

オゾン分子O3は酸素原子Oが3つ結びついたものです。10-50km高度の大気中（成層圏）では太陽紫外線で大気中の酸素分子O2が分解されることでO3が作られ、オゾンが高濃度となります。このオゾン層は紫外線を吸収し、有害な太陽紫外線から生物を保護しています。そのオゾンが南極上空において、人為起源の塩素化合物等で化学的に破壊されることでオゾンホールが生じるということが1985年にイギリスの研究者により発見されました。窒素酸化物もオゾンを破壊する一方で、塩素化合物によるオゾン破壊を抑制します。このため、オゾンの化学過程の解明にはその高精度な測定が鍵です。普通の飛行機では成層圏の高度に達しないため、大型の気球に観測器を載せて、成層圏大気の組成を計測することが一般的でした。私は気球に載せられる一酸化窒素（NO）とそれを含む全窒素酸化物の高感度測定法をいち早く開発しました（写真1）。フランスで気球観測を多数回行い、そのデータから窒素酸化物がオゾンを壊す反応を詳しく調べ、エアロゾル（液体や固体の微粒子）が関与する反応が重要な役割をしていることを示しました。

南極オゾンホールの発見の後、北極域でも中緯度より大きなオゾン破壊が起きることが観測され、その物理・化学過程の解明が重要な課題となりました。北極域でのオゾン破壊の実態を解明するため、気球による国際共同観測を行ないました（写真2）。北極冬季の低温域で生成する氷粒子（写真3）に、窒素酸化物の主成分である硝酸が吸着・落下し濃度が低下していることを見出しまた。この結果、塩素化合物によるオゾン破壊への抑制が弱まり、小規模オゾンホールが成長することを示しました。これらの研究は、南極と異なる北極上空でのオゾン減少の過程の理解を大きく進展させました。

写真1 気球搭載用の窒素酸化物測定装置

写真1 気球搭載用の窒素酸化物測定装置

写真2 スウェーデンのキルナにおける気球実験（小池真 博士撮影）

写真2 スウェーデンのキルナにおける気球実験（小池真 博士撮影）

写真3 キルナ上空で生成した氷粒子からなる雲（真珠母雲と呼ばれる）

写真3 キルナ上空で生成した氷粒子からなる雲（真珠母雲と呼ばれる）。
この粒子の表面上でオゾン破壊を促進する化学反応が起きる（鳥山哲司氏撮影）

2）対流圏オゾンの研究

対流圏（高度0-10km）のオゾンは大きな温室効果をもつと同時に、高濃度になると生物に悪影響を及ぼします。成層圏とは異なり、対流圏のオゾンは大気汚染物質などの化学反応で生成され、その生成速度は窒素酸化物濃度により大きく支配されることが知られています。そこで私はNASAが1991年に太平洋域で実施した大型航空機観測計画に参加し、独自に開発した高精度の窒素酸化物測定器（写真4）による観測を実施しました。このプロジェクトにおいて私の測定データの高い信頼性が示されたことを契機に、NASAの航空機観測に幾度も参加を要請されることになりました（写真5）。観測で得られたデータから太平洋・大西洋において、窒素酸化物やオゾンの化学反応過程を初めて統一的に理解することができました。また、観測値とモデル計算値（化学反応と大気の運動を取り入れ、大気成分の濃度の分布をコンピューターで計算）との比較をすることで、モデル計算の精度を確認し、モデルによるオゾンの気候影響の推定の正しさを示しました。

写真4 NASAの航空機に搭載された窒素酸化物測定器（PEM West航空機観測）

写真4 NASAの航空機に搭載された窒素酸化物測定器（PEM West航空機観測）

写真5 大西洋域で行われたNASAのSONEX航空機観測

写真5 大西洋域で行われたNASAのSONEX航空機観測

3）エアロゾルの研究

大気中には直径0.01ミクロンから10ミクロン程度の液体や固体の粒子が多数浮かんでおり、これらの粒子のことを「エアロゾル」と呼んでいます。1ミクロンは百万分の1メートルの長さのことです。PM2.5（直径が2.5ミクロンより小さいエアロゾル）という名称の方が聞き慣れているかもしれません。エアロゾルは人間の呼吸を通して体内に入るため、健康に悪影響を及ぼします。さらにエアロゾルは地球の気候にも大きな影響を与えることが知られています。

光を散乱するエアロゾル

飛行機から下にある雲を見ると白く輝いて見えます。これは雲粒（直径10ミクロン程度の水滴）によって太陽光がいろいろな方向に向きを変え、その一部が飛行機に向かうため、搭乗者に光が届き、白く輝いて見えるのです。つまり、雲粒子で太陽光が「散乱」されるのです。これと同じように、大気中のエアロゾルにより太陽光が地表に届く前に、その一部が散乱され、宇宙空間に戻ります。この結果、地表を暖める太陽光のエネルギーが減少し、地球はそのぶん冷えることになります。エアロゾルの中には黄砂のような土壌から発生するものや、海の波しぶきから生成する海塩粒子など自然起源のものがあります。これらの粒子は一般に1ミクロンよりも大きなものです。一方、人間活動から出る二酸化硫黄が化学反応してできる硫酸は、1ミクロンよりも小さなエアロゾルの主成分で（写真6）、光を散乱するため、空気中に存在すると私たちには「白く」見えます。光化学スモッグの時の空が白っぽくみえるのはこのためです。これらの白いエアロゾルは地球表面が受け取る太陽光のエネルギーを減らすために、地球の気候に影響します。実際に、大きな火山噴火が起こると、地球の平均温度が2-3年間低くなることが知られています。これは噴煙に含まれる二酸化硫黄が20kmの成層圏へ大量に運ばれ、そこで硫酸エアロゾルが生成された結果、地表に届く太陽光が弱まったためです。

写真6 エアロゾル粒子の電子顕微鏡写真（足立光司博士提供）

写真6 エアロゾル粒子の電子顕微鏡写真（足立光司博士提供）
左：硫酸エアロゾル、右：ブラックカーボン

エアロゾルと雲

また、硫酸エアロゾルのような水に溶ける性質のあるエアロゾルは、空気が上昇し、湿度が100%を超えると水を吸って雲粒に成長します（図1）。エアロゾルの数によって雲粒の数や大きさが変わり、雲の太陽光を反射する効率も変わります。さらに、雲量（雲のしめる面積割合）も変化する可能性があります。雲の反射効率や雲量は地球が受け取る太陽エネルギーに大きく影響するため、エアロゾルは雲の性質を変えることでも、気候に大きな影響を与えると考えられています。

図1 上昇する空気に含まれているエアロゾルが水を吸って雲粒ができる（竹川暢之博士作成）

図1 上昇する空気に含まれているエアロゾルが水を吸って雲粒ができる（竹川暢之博士作成）

光を吸収する黒いエアロゾル

大気中には「白い」エアロゾルだけでなく、太陽光をよく吸収する「黒い」エアロゾルもあります。この中で最も重要なものは、炭素から形成される黒色の「煤（すす）」あるいは「ブラックカーボン」です（写真7）。これらの黒い粒子は太陽光を吸収し、大気を暖める作用があります。粒子の組成が炭素なので「カーボン」と呼ばれています。ブラックカーボンは炭素でできた燃料（石油、石炭、薪など）が燃えたときや、森林火災で発生します。トラックなどのディーゼルエンジンの車の排気ガスが黒っぽく見えたりするのは、排気ガスにブラックカーボンが含まれているからです。ブラックカーボンは地球上のいたるところで発生し、風に乗って北極までも運ばれます。

北極温暖化とブラックカーボン

北極の気温は、地球全体の平均気温よりも早いペースで温暖化しています。この北極温暖化の原因のひとつとしてブラックカーボンが注目されています。北極に運ばれたブラックカーボンが雪や氷の上に積もるとその表面が黒くなります。太陽が当たり始める春には太陽光を吸収し、雪や氷がより速く融けると考えられています。ブラックカーボンが北極温暖化にどのくらい重要な役割を果たしているのかを理解するためには、北極大気中や積雪中の濃度を調べる必要があります。ところがブラックカーボンの測定は難しいため、これまで正確な測定が十分に行われてきませんでした。

東京大学の研究者と共同で、世界でも最先端のブラックカーボンの観測装置SP2を開発し（写真7）、北極や中緯度での地上観測や、航空機を用いた観測を行ってきました。またブラックカーボンを長期間観測するために光吸収を利用した装置COSMOS（写真8）も開発し、ノルウェー、アメリカ、カナダ、ロシア、ドイツ、デンマーク、フィンランドなどの研究者と協力して広域における観測を行い、北極でのブラックカーボンの実態を明らかにしつつあります（写真9、図2）。

写真7 レーザーを用いたブラックカーボン測定器（single particle soot photometer; SP2）

写真7 レーザーを用いたブラックカーボン測定器（single particle soot photometer; SP2）

写真8 光吸収を利用したブラックカーボン測定器（continuous soot monitor system; COSMOS）

写真8 光吸収を利用したブラックカーボン測定器（continuous soot monitor system; COSMOS）

写真9 ノルウェーのスピッツベルゲン島ニーオルスンのツェッペリン山頂の大気観測所

写真9 ノルウェーのスピッツベルゲン島ニーオルスンのツェッペリン山頂の大気観測所

図2 北極海を取り囲むようにCOSMOSを設置し、ブラックカーボンを連続的に測定している

図2 北極海を取り囲むようにCOSMOSを設置し、ブラックカーボンを連続的に測定している

地温暖化とエアロゾル

地球温暖化には二酸化炭素などの温室効果気体の影響が大きく、これらの排出量を減らしていく必要があります。二酸化炭素は海で吸収されることも知られていますが、吸収されるのに100年以上かかるため、その対策は早急に進めなければなりません。

一方、エアロゾルは雨によって大気中から1週間程度で除去されるので、発生を抑えるとその効果が短期間に現れます。大気中には白いエアロゾルと黒いブラックカーボンが混じって浮かんでいます。現状では、白いエアロゾルの方が多いため、エアロゾル全体としては地球を冷やしています。ブラックカーボンの排出量を減らすことで、温暖化の進行を抑えられる可能性があり、多くの研究が行われています。

様々な所から発生するエアロゾルは大気と共に地球全体を巡っていきます。複雑なエアロゾルの効果を理解するために精度の高い観測装置を用いて地球規模での観測をし、エアロゾルの気候への影響をコンピューターで計算するなど、新たな研究が日々行われています。このように、地球の気候変動を理解するのには、数学、物理学、化学などの知識が重要です。こういった学問を使いながら、実際の自然現象を調べることは大変楽しいことです。またそのことで科学者は地球や人類の将来に深く関わることになるのです。

主要論文

（1）成層圏オゾンの研究

Kondo, Y., A. Iwata, M. Takagi, and W. A. Matthews (1984), Balloon-borne chemiluminescent sonde for the measurement of tropospheric and stratospheric nitric oxide, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 55, 1328-1332.

Kondo, Y., W. A. Matthews, A. Iwata, and M. Takagi (1985), Measurement of nitric oxide from 7 to 32 km and its diurnal variation in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3813-3819.

Hofmann, D. J., T. L. Deshler, P. Aimedieu, W. A. Matthews, P. V. Johnston, Y. Kondo, W. R. Sheldon, G. J. Byrne, and J. R. Benbrook (1989), Stratospheric clouds and ozone depletion in the Arctic during January 1989, Nature, 340, 117-121.

Koike, M., Y. Kondo, M. Hayashi, Y. Iwasaka, P. A. Newman, M. Helten, and P. Aimedieu (1991), Depletion of Arctic ozone in the winter 1990, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 791-794.

Kondo, Y., U. Schmidt, T. Sugita, A. Engel, M. Koike, P. Aimedieu, M. R. Gunson, and J. Rodriguez (1996), NOy correlation with N2O and CH4 in the midlatitude stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2369-2372.

Kondo, Y., T. Sugita, R. J. Salawitch, M. Koike, and T. Deshler (1997), Effect of Pinatubo aerosols on stratospheric NO, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1205-1213.

Kondo, Y., et al. (1999), NOy-N2O correlation observed inside the Arctic vortex in February 1997: Dynamical and chemical effects, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 8215-8224, doi:10.1029/1999JD900020.

Kondo, Y., H. Irie, M. Koike, and G. E. Bodeker (2000), Denitrification and nitrification in the Arctic stratosphere during the winter of 1996-1997, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 337-340.

（2）対流圏オゾンの研究

Kondo, Y., H. Ziereis, M. Koike, S. Kawakami, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, H. B. Singh, D. D. Davis, and J. T. Merrill (1996), Reactive nitrogen over the Pacific ocean during PEM-West A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1809-1828.

Kondo, Y., et al. (1997), Profiles and partitioning of reactive nitrogen over the Pacific Ocean in winter and early spring, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28405-28424.

Kondo, Y., et al. (1997), Performance of an aircraft instrument for the measurement of NOy, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28663-28671.

Koike, M., Y. Kondo, et al. (2003), Export of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen and sulfur compounds from the East Asia region in spring, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8789, doi:10.1029/2002JD003284.

Kondo, Y., et al. (2004), Impacts of biomass burning in Southeast Asia on ozone and reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15S12, doi:10.1029/2003JD004203.

Kondo, Y., et al. (2004), Photochemistry of ozone over the western Pacific from winter to spring, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S02, doi:10.1029/2004JD004871.

Hofzumahaus, A., F. Rohrer, K. Lu, B. Bohn, T. Brauers, C. C. Chang, H. Fuchs, F. Holland, K. Kita, Y. Kondo, X. Li, S. Lou, M. Shao, A. Wahner, Y. Zhang (2009), Amplified trace gas removal in the troposphere, Science, 324, 1702-1704.

（3）エアロゾルの研究

Takegawa, N., Y. Miyazaki, Y. Kondo, Y. Komazaki, T. Miyakawa, J. L. Jimenez, J. T. Jayne, D. R. Worsnop, J. D. Allan, and R. J. Weber (2005), Characterization of an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS): Intercomparison with other aerosol instruments, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39, 760-770.

Kondo, Y., Y. Miyazaki, N. Takegawa, T. Miyakawa, R. J. Weber, J. L. Jimenez, Q. Zhang, and D. R. Worsnop (2007), Oxygenated and water-soluble organic aerosols in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D01203, doi:10.1029/2006JD007056.

Moteki, N., and Y. Kondo (2007), Effects of mixing state on black carbon measurements by laser-induced incandescence, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 41, 398-417.

Jimenez, J. L., M. R, Canagaratna, N. M. Donahue, A. S. H. Prevot, Q. Zhang, J. H. Kroll, P. F. DeCarlo, J. D. Allan, H. Coe, N. L. Ng, A. C. Aikin, K. D. Docherty, I. M. Ulbrich, A. P. Grieshop, A. L. Robinson, J. Duplissy, J. D. Smith, K. R. Wilson, V. A. Lanz, C. Hueglin, Y. L. Sun, A. Laaksonen, T. Raatikainen, J. Rautiainen, P. Vaattovaara, M. Ehn, M. Kulmala, J. M. Tomlinson, D. R. Collins, M. J. Cubison, E. J. Dunlea, J. A. Huffman, T. B. Onasch, M. R. Alfarra, P. I. Williams, K. Bower, Y. Kondo, et al. (2009), Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525-1529.

Moteki, N., and Y. Kondo (2010), Dependence of laser-induced incandescence on physical properties of black carbon aerosols: Measurements and theoretical interpretation, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 44, 663-675.

Kondo, Y., L. Sahu, N. Moteki, F. Khan, N. Takegawa, X. Liu, M. Koike, and T. Miyakawa (2011), Consistency and traceability of black carbon measurements made by laser-induced incandescence, thermal-optical transmittance, and filter-based photo-absorption techniques, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 45, 295-312, doi:10.1080/02786826.2010.533215.

Kondo, Y., et al. (2011), Emissions of black carbon, organic, and inorganic aerosols from biomass burning in North America and Asia in 2008, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D08204, doi:10.1029/2010JD015152.

Kondo, Y., et al. (2011), Emissions of black carbon in East Asia estimated from the observations at a remote site in the East China Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16291, doi:10.1029/2011JD015637.

Bond, T. C., S. J. Doherty, D. W. Fahey, P. M. Forster, T. Berntsen, O. Boucher, B. J. DeAngelo, M. G. Flanner, S. Ghan, B. Kärcher, D. Koch, S. Kinne, Y. Kondo, et al. (2013), Bounding the role of black carbon aerosol in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50171.

Sinha, P. R., Y. Kondo, et al. (2017), Evaluation of ground-based black carbon measurements by filter-based photometers at two Arctic sites, J. Geophys. Res., 122, doi:10.1002/2016JD2016JD025843.

Moteki, N., K. Adachi, S. Ohata, A. Yoshida, T. Harigaya, M. Koike, and Y. Kondo (2017), Anthropogenic iron oxide aerosols enhance atmospheric heating, Nature Comm., 8, 15329, doi:10.1038/ncomms15329.

Sinha, P. R., Y. Kondo, K. Goto-Azuma, Y. Tsukagawa, K. Fukuda, M. Koike, S. Ohata, N. Moteki, T. Mori, N. Oshima, E. J. Førland, M. Irwin, J.-C. Gallet, and C. A. Pedersen (2018), Seasonal progression of the deposition of black carbon by snowfall at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen, J. Geophys. Res.; Atmospheres, 123, 997-1016. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD028027.

Tobo, Y., K. Adachi3, P. J. DeMott, T. C. J. Hill, D. S. Hamilton, N. M. Mahowald, N. Nagatsuka, S. Ohata, J. Uetake, Y. Kondo, and M. Koike (2019), Glacially sourced dust as a potentially significant source of ice nucleating particles, Nature Geosci., 12, 253-258, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0314-x.

Ohata, S., Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, T. Mori, A. Yoshida, P. R. Sinha, and M. Koike (2019), Accuracy of black carbon measurements by a filter-based absorption photometer with a heated inlet, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 53.9. 1079-1091, doi: 10.1080/02786826.2019.1627283.

Mori, T., K. Goto-Azuma, Y. Kondo, Y. Ogawa-Tsukagawa, K. Miura, M. Hirabayashi, N. Oshima, M. Koike, K. Kupiainen, N. Moteki, S. Ohata, P. R. Sinha, K. Sugiura, T. Aoki, M. Schneebeli, K. Steffen, A. Sato, A. Tsushima, V. Makarov, S. Omiya, A. Sugimoto, S. Takano, and N. Nagatsuka (2019), Black carbon and inorganic aerosols in Arctic Snowpack. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, 124, 13,325-13,356. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030623. 

Takegawa, N., T. Seto, N. Moteki, M. Koike, N. Oshima, K. Adachi, K. Kita, A. Takami, and Y. Kondo (2020), Enhanced new particle formation above the marine boundary layer over the Yellow Sea: Potential impacts on cloud condensation nuclei, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, 125, e2019JD031448.

Yoshida, A., N. Moteki, S. Ohata, T. Mori, M. Koike, Y. Kondo, H. Matsui, N. Oshima, A. Takami, and K. Kita (2020), Abundances and microphysical properties of light-absorbing iron oxide and black carbon aerosols over the East Asian and Arctic regions, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, in press.

Mori, T., Y. Kondo, S. Ohata, Y. Zhao, P. R. Sinha, N. Oshima, H. Matsui, N. Moteki, and M. Koike (2020), Seasonal variation of wet deposition of black carbon in Arctic Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, in press.

学術論文

学術論文 
  1. Kondo, Y., and T. Tohmatsu (1976), Thermospheric temperature dependence of the atomic oxygen 6300 A emission in the twilight airglow, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 28, 207-218.
  2. Kondo, Y., and T. Ogawa (1976), Odd nitrogen in the lower thermosphere under auroral perturbations, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 28, 253-282.
  3. Kondo, Y., and T. Ogawa (1977), A temperature-dependent model of the thermospheric odd nitrogen, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 29, 65-80.
  4. Ogawa, T., and Y. Kondo (1977), Diurnal variability of thermospheric N and NO, Planet. Space Sci., 25, 735-742.
  5. Mukai, T., Y. Kondo, and K. Hirao (1979), Rocket observations of conjugate photoelectrons in the predawn ionosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 27, 31-38.
  6. Kondo, Y., and M. Takagi (1980), Measurement of lower-stratospheric aerosol by a balloon-borne photometer, Pure Appl. Geophys., 118, 858-866.
  7. Takagi, M. Y. Kondo, and A. Iwata (1980), Measurement of ion concentration and mobility in the mesosphere at dusk by rocket-borne Gerdien probes, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 32, 715-719.
  8. Kondo, Y., R. Reiter, H. Jäger, and M. Takagi (1982), Stratospheric aerosol inferred from electrical conductivity during a volcanically quiescent period, Pure Appl. Geophys., 120, 1-10.
  9. Kondo, Y., R. Reiter, H. Jäger, and M. Takagi (1982), The effect Mt. St. Helens eruption on tropospheric and stratospheric ions, Pure Appl. Geophys., 120, 11-17.
  10. Kondo, Y., M. Takagi, and A. Iwata (1983), Measurements of stratospheric ozone by Chappuis band absorption, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 61, 473-477.
  11. Kondo, Y., A. Iwata, and M. Takagi (1983), A chemiluminescent NOx-detector for the aircraft measurement, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 61, 756-762.
  12. Kondo, Y., A. Iwata, M. Takagi, and W.A. Matthews (1984), Balloon-borne chemiluminescent sonde for the measurement of tropospheric and stratospheric nitric oxide, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 55, 1328-1332.
  13. Ogawa, T., N. Iwagami, and Y. Kondo, Solar cycle variation of thermospheric nitric oxide, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 36, 317-340, 1984.
  14. Kondo, Y., W. A. Matthews, A. Iwata, and M. Takagi (1985), Measurement of nitric oxide from 7 to 32 km and its diurnal variation in the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3813-3819.
  15. Takagi, M., Y. Morita, A. Iwata, and Y. Kondo (1985), On the observational techniques for stratospheric aerosols, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 63, 277-282.
  16. Takagi, M., A. Iwata, Y. Morita, Y. Kondo, G. Shi, L. Xu, L. Ren, W. Lu, and R. Yu (1986), Aerosol distribution up to 33 km over the suburbs of Beijing, China (40°N) in summer 1984, J. Atmos. Electr., 6, 15-20.
  17. Takagi, M., Y. Kondo, and A. Iwata (1986), Initial results of the satellite "Ohzora" observation of stratospheric aerosol and ozone by solar occultation method on board the satellite "Ohzora", Res. Lett. Atmos. Electr., 6, 49-58.
  18. Kondo, Y., W. A. Matthews, A. Iwata, Y. Morita, and M. Takagi (1987), Aircraft measurements of oxides of nitrogen along the eastern rim of the Asian continent: winter observations, J. Atmos. Chem., 5, 37-58.
  19. Kondo, Y., H. Kojima, N. Toriyama, and M. Takagi (1987), Chemiluminescent ozone instrument for aircraft observation, J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 65, 795-802.
  20. Takagi, M., A. Iwata, Y. Kondo, and Y. Morita (1988), Satellite "Ohzora" observation of stratospheric aerosol and ozone, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 40, 313-320.
  21. Kondo, Y., W. A. Matthews, P. Aimedieu, and D. E. Robbins (1988), Diurnal variation of nitric oxide at 32 km: measurements and interpretation, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2451-2460.
  22. Kondo, Y., H. Muramatsu, W.A. Matthews, N. Toriyama, and M. Hirota (1988), Tropospheric ozone and oxides of nitrogen over the north western Pacific in summer, J. Atmos. Chem., 6, 235-250.
  23. McKenzie, R. L., W. A. Matthews, Y. Kondo, R. Zander, Ph. Demoulin, P. Fabian, D. G. Murcray, O. Lado-Bordowsky, C. Camy-Peyret, H. K. Roscoe, J.A. Pyle, and R. D. McPeters (1988), Intercomparison of NO column measurements during MAP/GLOBUS 1985, J. Atmos. Chem., 7, 353-367.
  24. Matthews, W. A., Y. Kondo, P. Fabian, and B. C. Kruger (1989), Nitric oxide profiles measured in situ during the GLOBUS 85 campaign, J. Atmos. Chem., 8, 229-240.
  25. Kondo, Y., N. Toriyama, W. A. Matthews, and P. Aimedieu (1989), Calibration of the balloon-borne NO instrument, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 41, 507-523.
  26. Kondo, Y., A. Iwata, M. Pirre, R. Ramaroson, C. Delannoy, W. A. Matthews, M. Koike, and K. Suzuki (1989), Diurnal variation of nitric oxide at 26 km, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 867-870.
  27. Hofmann, D .J., T. L. Deshler, P. Aimedieu, W. A. Matthews, P. V. Johnston, Y. Kondo, W. R. Sheldon, G. J. Byrne, and J. R. Benbrook (1989), Stratospheric clouds and ozone depletion in the Arctic during January 1989, Nature, 340, 117-121.
  28. Kondo, Y., A. Iwata, P. Aimedieu, W. A. Matthews, W. R. Sheldon, and J. R. Benbrook (1989), Profiles of nitric oxide in the upper stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1379-1382.
  29. Kondo, Y., P. Aimedieu, W. A. Matthews, W. R. Sheldon, and J. R. Benbrook (1990), A mid-latitude balloon-borne observation of total odd nitrogen, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 73-76.
  30. Kondo, Y., P. Aimedieu, W. A. Matthews, D. W. Fahey, D. G. Murcray, D. J. Hofmann, P. V. Johnston, Y. Iwasaka, A. Iwata, and W. R. Sheldon (1990), Balloon-borne measurements of total reactive nitrogen, nitric acid, and aerosol in the cold Arctic stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 437-440.
  31. Kondo, Y., P. Aimedieu, M. Pirre, W. A. Matthews, R. Ramaroson, W. R. Sheldon, J. R. Benbrook, and A. Iwata (1990), Diurnal variation of nitric oxide in the upper stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 22513-22522.
  32. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, M. Hayashi, Y. Iwasaka, P. A. Newman, M. Helten, and P. Aimedieu (1991), Depletion of Arctic ozone in the winter 1990, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 791-794.
  33. Kondo, Y., P. Aimedieu, M. Koike, Y. Iwasaka, P. A. Newman, U. Schmidt, and W. A. Matthews (1992), Reactive nitrogen, ozone, and nitrate aerosols observed in the Arctic stratosphere in January 1990, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 13025-13038.
  34. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, W. A. Matthews, P. V. Johnston (1993), Decrease of stratospheric NO2 observed at 44°N due to Pinatubo volcanic aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1975-1978.
  35. Iwasaka, Y., M. Hayashi, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, S. Koga, M. Yamato, P. Aimedieu, and W. A. Matthews (1993), Two different type nitrate aerosols in the winter polar stratosphere: Morphology of individual particles observed with an electron microscope, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 45, 1181-1192.
  36. Kondo, Y., T. Kitada, M. Koike, S. Kawakami, and Y. Makino (1993), Nitric oxide and ozone in the free troposphere over the western Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20527-20535.
  37. Kondo, Y., U. Schmidt, T. Sugita, P. Aimedieu, M. Koike, H. Ziereis, and Y. Iwasaka (1994), Total reactive nitrogen, N2O, and ozone in the winter Arctic stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1247-1250.
  38. Aimedieu, P., Y. Kondo, T. Sugita, M. Koike, and W. R. Sheldon (1994), In situ measurement of nitric oxide, ozone, and aerosol in the Scandinavian Arctic stratosphere in January 1992, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1243-1246.
  39. Kondo, Y., W. A. Matthews, S. Solomon, M. Koike, M. Hayashi, K. Yamazaki, H. Nakajima, and K. Tsukui (1994), Ground based measurements of column amounts of NO2 over Syowa Station, Antarctica, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14535-14548.
  40. Kondo, Y., Y. Zhao, O. Uchino, T. Nagai, T. Fujimoto, T. Itabe, K. Mizutani, and T. Shibata (1995), Stratospheric ozone changes at 43N and 36N over Japan between 1991 and 1994, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3223-3226.
  41. Kondo, Y., H. Ziereis, M. Koike, S. Kawakami, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, H. B. Singh, D. D. Davis, and J. T. Merrill (1996), Reactive nitrogen over the Pacific ocean during PEM-West A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1809-1828.
  42. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, S. Kawakami, H. B. Singh, H. Ziereis, and J. T. Merrill (1996), Ratios of reactive nitrogen over the Pacific during PEM-West A., J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1829-1851.
  43. Browell, E. V., M. A. Fenn, C. F. Butler, W. B. Grant, J. Merrill, R. Newell, J. D. Bradshaw, S. Sandholm, B. Anderson, A. Bandy, A. S. Bachmeier, D. R. Blake, D. D. Davis, G .L. Gregory, B. Heikes, Y. Kondo, S. C. Liu, F. S. Rowland, G. W. Sachse, H. Singh, R. W. Talbot, and D. C. Thornton (1996), Large-scale air mass characteristics observed over the western Pacific during the summertime, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1691-1712, DOI: 10.1029/95JD02200.
  44. Gregory, G. L., A. S. Bachmeier, D. R. Blake, B. G. Heikes, D. C. Thornton, J. D. Bradshaw, and Y. Kondo (1996), Chemical signatures of aged Pacific marine air: Mixed layer and free troposphere as measured during PEM West-A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1727-1742.
  45. Newell, R. E., W. Hu, Z-X. Wu, Y. Zhu, H. Akimoto, E. E. Anderson, E. V. Browell, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, M. Shipham, S. Bachmeier, A. R. Bandy, D. C. Thornton, D. R. Blake, F. S. Rowland, J. D. Bradshaw, J. H. Crawford, D. D. Davis, S. T. Sandholm, W. Brockett, L. DeGreef, D. Lewis, D. McCormick, E. Monitz, J. E. Collins, Jr., B. Heikes, J. Merrill, K. Kelly, S. C. Liu, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, C.-M. Liu, F. Sakamaki, H. Singh, J. E. Dibb, and R. W. Talbot (1996), Atmospheric sampling of super-typhoon Mireille with the NASA DC-8 aircraft on September 27, 1991 during PEM West-A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1853-1871, DOI: 10.1029/95JD01374.
  46. Singh, H. B., D. Herlth, R. Kolyer, L. Salas, J. D. Bradshaw, S. T. Sandholm, D. D. Davis, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, R. Talbot, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, E. Browell, D. R. Blake, F. S. Rowland, R. Newell, J. Merrill, B. Heikes, S. C. Liu, P. J. Crutzen, M. Kanakidou (1996), Reactive nitrogen and ozone over the western Pacific: Distribution, partitioning and sources, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1793-1808.
  47. Davis, D.D., J. Crawford, G. Chen, W. Chameides, S. Liu, J. Bradshaw, S. Sandholm, G. Sachse, G. Gregory, B. Anderson, J. Barrick, A. Bachmeier, E. Browell, D. Blake, S. Rowland, Y. Kondo, H. Singh, R. Talbot, B. Heikes, J. Collins, J. Rodriguez, J. Merrill, and R. Newell (1996), An assessment of the photochemical O3 tendency in the western north Pacific as inferred from GTE/PEM-WEST (A) observations during fall 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2111-2134.
  48. Kondo, Y., S. R. Kawa, D. Lary, T. Sugita, Ann R. Douglass, E. Lutman, M. Koike, and T. Deshler (1996), Interpretation of nitric oxide profile observed in January 1992 over Kiruna, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12555-12566, DOI: 10.1029/96JD00578.
  49. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, S. Kawakami, H. Nakajima, M. Ieda, and H. Nakane (1996), Aircraft measurements of total reactive nitrogen and ozone over the western Pacific in winter, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1631-1640.
  50. Atlas, E., B. Ridley, J. Walega, J. Greenberg. G. Kok, T. Staffelbach, S. Schauffler, J. Lind, G. Hubler, R. Norton, S. Liu, D. Davis, A. Bandy, D. Blake, J. Bradshaw, E. Browell, J. E. Collins, Jr., G. Gregory, B. Heikes, Y. Kondo, G. Sachse, S. Sandholm, H. Singh, R. Talbot, E. Dlugokencky, J. Elkins, S. Oltmans, G. Mackay, and D. Karecki (1996), A comparison of aircraft and ground-based measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, during GTE PEM-WEST and MLOPEX 2, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14599-14612.
  51. Zhao, Y., and Y. Kondo (1996), Wintertime stratospheric ozone changes over Japan since 1991, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1969-1972.
  52. Kondo, Y., U. Schmidt, T. Sugita, A. Engel, M. Koike, P. Aimedieu, M.R. Gunson, and J. Rodriguez (1996), NOy correlation with N2O and CH4 in the midlatitude stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2369-2372.
  53. Murata, I., Y. Kondo, H. Nakajima, M. Koike, Y. Zhao, W.A. Matthews, and K. Suzuki (1997), Accuracy of total ozone column amounts observed with solar infrared spectroscopy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 77-80.
  54. Singh, H. B., Y. Chen, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, R. Talbot, D. R. Blake, Y. Kondo, J. D. Bradshaw, B. Heikes, and D. Thornton (1997), Trace chemical measurements from the northern mid-latitude lowermost stratosphere in early spring: Distributions, correlations, and fate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 127-130.
  55. Kondo, Y., T. Sugita, R. J. Salawitch, M. Koike, and T. Deshler (1997), Effect of Pinatubo aerosols on stratospheric NO, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1205-1213.
  56. Emmons, L. K., M. A. Carroll, C. Atherton, D. Hauglustaine, H. Levy II, F. Rohrer, A Volz-Thomas, C. Gerbig, W.M.F. Wauben, P. F. J. van Velthoven, P. Bakwin, J. Bradshaw, S. Sandholm, B. Doddridge, R. Dickerson, R. Honrath, G. Hubler, D. Jaffe, Y. Kondo, J. W. Munger, S. Wofsy, B. A. Ridley, and A. Torres (1997), Climatologies of NOx and NOy: A comparison of data and models, Atmos. Environ, 31, 1851-1904.
  57. Zhao, Y., Y. Kondo, F. J. Murcray, X. Liu, M. Koike, K. Kita, H. Nakajima, I. Murata, and K. Suzuki (1997), Carbon monoxide column abundances and tropospheric concentrations retrieved from high resolution ground-based infrared solar spectra at 43.5 N over Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23403-23441.
  58. Kawakami, S., Y. Kondo, M. Koike, H. Nakajima, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, R. E. Newell, E. Browell, D. R. Blake, J. M. Rodriguez, and J. T. Merrill (1997), Impact of lightning and convection on reactive nitrogen in the tropical free troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28367-28384.
  59. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, S. Kawakami, H. Nakajima, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, H. B. Singh, E. V. Browell, J. T. Merrill, and R. E. Newell (1997), Reactive nitrogen and its correlation with O3 and CO over the Pacific in winter and early spring, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28385-28404, DOI: 10.1029/97JD02085.
  60. Kondo, Y., M. Koike, S. Kawakami, H.B. Singh, R. Talbot, H. Nakajima, G. L. Gregory, D. R. Blake, G. W. Sachse, and J. T. Merrill (1997), Profiles and partitioning of reactive nitrogen over the Pacific Ocean in winter and early spring, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28405-28424.
  61. Thompson, A.M., H. B. Singh, R.W. Stewart, T. L. Kucsera, and Y. Kondo (1997), A Monte Carlo study of upper tropospheric reactive nitrogen during the Pacific Exploratory Mission in the Western Pacific Ocean (PEM-West-B), J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,437-28,446.
  62. Kotamarthi, V. R., J. M. Rodriguez, N. D. Sze, Y. Kondo, R. Pueschel, G. Ferry, J. Bradshaw, S. Sandholm, G. Gregory, D. Davis, and S. Liu (1997), Evidence of heterogeneous chemistry on sulfate aerosols in stratospheric air masses measured in PEM-West B, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28425-28436, DOI: 10.1029/97JD02511.
  63. Crawford, J. H., D. D. Davis, G. Chen, J. Bradshaw, S. Sandholm, Y. Kondo, S. Liu, E. Browell, G. Gregory, G. Sachse, J. Barrick, D. Blake, R. Talbot, R. Pueschel, and A. Bachmeier (1997), Implications of large scale shifts in tropospheric NOx levels in the remote tropical Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 102 (D23), 28447-28468.
  64. Crawford, J. H., D. D. Davis, G. Chen, J. Bradshaw, S. Sandholm, Y. Kondo, S. Liu, E. Browell, G. Gregory, G. Sachse, J. Barrick, D. Blake, R. Talbot, R. Pueschel and A. Bachmeier (1997), An assessment of ozone photochemistry in the extratropical western North Pacific: Impact of continental outflow during the late winter/early spring, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28469-28487.
  65. Kondo, Y., S. Kawakami, M. Koike, D. W. Fahey, H. Nakajima, Y. Zhao, N. Toriyama, M. Kanada, G.W. Sachse, and G.L. Gregory (1997), Performance of an aircraft instrument for the measurement of NOy, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28663-28671.
  66. Nakajima, H., X. Liu, I. Murata, Y. Kondo, F. J. Murcray, M. Koike, Y. Zhao, and H. Nakane (1997), Retrieval of vertical profiles of ozone from high-resolution infrared solar spectra at Rikubetsu, Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 29981-29990, DOI: 10.1029/97JD02493.
  67. Sugita, T., Y. Kondo, H. Nakajima, U. Schmidt, A. Engel, H. Oelhaf, G. Wetzel, M. Koike, and P. A. Newman (1998), Denitrification observed inside the Arctic vortex in February 1995, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16221-16233.
  68. Pougatchev, N. S., N. B. Jones, B. J. Connor, C. P. Rinsland, E. Becker, M. T. Coffey, V. S. Connors, P. Demoulin, A. V. Dzhola, H. Fast, E. I. Grechko, J. W. Hanningan, M. Koike, Y. Kondo, E. Mahieu, W. G. Mankin, R. L. Mittermeier, J. Norholt, H. G. Reichle Jr., B. Sen, L. P. Steele, G. C. Toon, L. N. Yurganov, R. Znader, and Y. Zhao (1998), Ground-based infrared solar spectroscopic measurements of carbon monoxide during 1994 Measurement of Air Pollution From Space flights, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 19317-19325.
  69. Singh, H. B., W. Viezee, Y. Chen, A. N. Thakur, Y. Kondo, R.W. Talbot, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, D. R. Blake, J. D. Bradshaw, Y. Wang, and D. J. Jacob (1998), Latitudinal distribution of reactive nitrogen in the free troposphere over the Pacific Ocean in late winter/early spring, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28237-28246.
  70. Sugita, T., Y. Kondo, M. Koike, M. Kanada, N. Toriyama, H. Nakajima, T. Deshler, and R. Imasu (1999), Balloon-borne optical counter for in situ aerosol measurement, J. Atmos. Chem., 32, 183-204.
  71. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, W. A. Matthews, P.V. Johnston, H. Nakajima, A. Kawaguchi, H. Nakane, Y. Sasano, I. Murata, A. Budiyono, M. Kanada, and N. Toriyama (1999), Assessment of the uncertainties in the NO2 and O3 measurements by visible spectrometers, J. Atmos. Chem., 32, 121-145.
  72. Kondo, Y., M. Koike, A. Engel, U. Schmidt, M. Mueller, T. Sugita, H. Kanzawa, T. Nakazawa, S. Aoki, H. Irie, N. Toriyama, T. Suzuki, and Y. Sasano (1999), NOy-N2O correlation observed inside the Arctic vortex in February 1997: Dynamical and chemical effects, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 8215-8224, doi: 10.1029/1999JD900020.
  73. Ferry, G. V., R. F. Pueschel, A.W. Strawa, Y. Kondo, S. D. Howard, S. Verma, M. J. Mahoney, T. P. Bui, J.R. Hannan, H. E. Fuelberg (1999), Effects of aircraft on aerosol abundance in the upper troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2399-2402.
  74. Liu, S. C., H. Yu, B. Ridley, Y. Wang, D. D. Davis, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, B. E. Anderson, S. A. Vay, G. W. Sachse, G. L. Gregory, H. Fuelburg, A. Thompson, and H. Singh (1999), Sources of reactive nitrogen in the upper troposphere during SONEX, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2441-2444, DOI: 10.1029/1999GL900532.
  75. Talbot, R. W., J. E. Dibb, E. M. Scheuer, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, H. B. Singh, L. B. Salas, Y. Fukui, J. O. Ballentine, R. F. Meads, T. M. Miller, D. E. Hunton, A. A. Viggiano, D. R. Blake, N. J. Blake, E. Atlas, F. Flocke, D.J. Jacob, and L. Jeagle (1999), Reactive nitrogen budget during the NASA SONEX Mission, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3057-3060.
  76. Kondo, Y., M. Koike, H. Ikeda, B. E. Anderson, K. E. Brunke, Y. Zhao, K. Kita, T. Sugita, H. B. Singh, S. C. Liu, A. Thompson, G. L. Gregory, R. Shetter, G. Sachse, S.A. Vay, E.V. Browell, and M. J. Mahoney (1999), Impact of aircraft emissions on NOx in the lowermost stratosphere at northern midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3065-3068.
  77. Anderson, B. E., W. R. Cofer, J. Crawford, G. L. Gregory, S. A. Vay, K. E. Brunke, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, H. Schlager, S. L. Baughcum, and E. Jensen (1999), An assessment of aircraft as a source of particles to the upper troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3069-3072.
  78. Thompson, A. M., L. C. Sparling, Y. Kondo, B. E. Anderson, G. L. Gregory, and G. W. Sachse (1999), Perspectives on NO, NOy and fine aerosol sources and variability during SONEX, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3073-3076.
  79. Brune, W. H., D. Tan, I. F. Faloona, L. Jeaglé, D. J. Jacob, B. G. Heikes, J. Snow, Y. Kondo, R. Shetter, G. W. Sachse, B. Anderson, G. L. Gregory, S. Vay, H. B. Singh, R. Pueschel, G. Ferry, D. D. Davis, and D. R. Blake (1999), OH and HO2 chemistry in the North Atlantic free troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3077-3080.
  80. Jeaglé, L., D. J. Jacob, W. H. Brune, I. C. Faloona, D. Tan, Y. Kondo, G. W. Sachse, B. Anderson, G. L. Gregory, S. Vay, H. B. Singh, D. R. Blake and R. Shetter (1999), Ozone production in the upper troposphere and the influence of aircraft during SONEX: approach of NOx-saturated conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3081-3084.
  81. Kondo, Y., T. Sugita, M. Koike, S.R. Kawa, M. Y. Danilin, J. M. Rodriguez, S. Spreng, K. Gollinger, and F. Arnold (2000), Partitioning of reactive nitrogen in the midlatitude lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 1417-1424.
  82. Schulz, A., J. Steger, M. Rex, N. Harris, G. O. Braathen, E. Reimer, R. Alfier, A. Beck, M. Alpers, J. Cisneros, H. Claude, H. De Backer, H. Dier, V. Dorokhov, H. Fast, S. Godin, G. Hansen, Y. Kondo, E. Ksmidis, E. Kyrö, M. J. Molyneux, G. Murphy, H. Nakane, C. Parrondo, F. Ravegnani, C. Varotsos, C. Vialle, V. Yushkov, C. Zerefos, P. von der Gathen (2000), Match observations in the Arctic winter 1996/97: High stratospheric ozone loss rates correlate with low temperatures deep inside the polar vortex, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 205-208.
  83. Kondo, Y., H. Irie, M. Koike, and G. E. Bodeker (2000), Denitrification and nitrification in the Arctic stratosphere during the winter of 1996-1997, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 337-340.
  84. Li, Q. L., D. J. Jacob, I. Bey, R. M. Yantosca, Y. Zhao, Y. Kondo (2000), Atmospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN): Biomass burning source, ocean sink?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 357-360.
  85. Wang, Y., S. C. Liu, B.E. Anderson, Y. Kondo, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, D. Blake, A. Viggiano, H. B. Singh, A. M. Thompson (2000), Evidence of convection as a dominant source of condensation nuclei in the northern midlatitude upper troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 369-372.
  86. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, G. L. Gregory, B. E. Anderson, G. W. Sachse, D. Blake, H. B. Singh, A. Thompson, K. Kita, Y. Zhao, T. Sugita, R. Shetter, H. Ikeda, S.C. Liu, L. Jeagle, and N. Toriyama (2000), Impact of aircraft emissions on reactive nitrogen over the North Atalantic Flight Corridor region, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3665-3677.
  87. Jaker, D. P., L. Pfister, A. M. Thompson, D. Brunner, D. J. Boccippio, K. E. Pickering, H. Wernli, Y. Kondo, J. Staehelin (2000), Measurements of nitrogen oxides at the tropopause: Attribution to convection and correlation with lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3679-3700.
  88. Miller, T. M., J. O. Ballentine, R. F. Meads, D. E. Hunton, W. F. Thorn, and A. A. Viggiano, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, and Y. Zhao (2000), CIMS technique for the measurement of HNO3 in air traffic corridors in the upper troposphere during the SONEX campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3701-3707, DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900443.
  89. Faloona, I., D. Tan, W. H. Brune, L. Jaeglé, D. J. Jacob, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, R. Chatfield, R. Pueschel, G. Ferry, G. Sachse, S. Vay, and H. Fuelberg (2000), Observations of HOx and its relationship with NOx in the upper troposphere during SONEX, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3771-3783.
  90. Simpson, I. J., D. R. Blake, N. J. Blake, T.-Y. Chen, J. P. Lopez, B. C. Sive, F. S. Rowland, and Y. Kondo (2000), Nonmethane hydrocarbon measurements in the North Atlantic flight corridor during SONEX, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3785-3793, doi:10.1029/1999JD900750.
  91. Singh, H., Y. Chen, A. Tabazadeh, Y. Fukui, I. Bey, R. Yantosca, D. Jacob, F. Arnold, K. Wohlform, D. Atlas, F. Flocke, D. Blake, N. Blake, B. Heikes, J. Snow, R. Talbot, G. Gregory. G. Sachse, S. Vay, Y. Kondo (2000), Distribution and fate of oxygenated organic species in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over the Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3795-3805.
  92. Hannan, J. R., H. E. Fuelberg, A.M. Thompson, G. Bieberbach, Jr., R. D. Knabb, Y. Kondo, B. E. Anderson, E. V. Browell, G. L. Gregory, G. W. Sachse, and H. B. Singh (2000), Atmospheric chemical transport based on high-resolution model-derived winds: A case study, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3807-3820.
  93. Bieberbach, Jr. G., H. E. Fuelberg, A. M. Thompson, A. Schmitt, J. R. Hannan, G. L. Gregory, Y. Kondo, R. D. Knabb, G. W. Sachse, and R. W. Talbot (2000), Mesoscale numerical investigations of air traffic emissions over the North Atlantic during SONEX flight 8: A case study, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3821-3832.
  94. Allen, D., K. Pickering, G. Stenchikov, A. M. Thompson, and Y. Kondo (2000), A three-dimensional total odd nitrogen (NOy) simulation during SONEX using a stretched-grid chemical transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3851-3876, DOI: 10.1029/1999JD901029.
  95. L. Jaeglé, D. J. Jacob, W. Brune, I. Faloona, D. Tan, B. G. Heikes, Y. Kondo, G. W. Sachse, B. Anderson, G. L. Gregory, H. B. Singh, R. Pueschel, G. Ferry, D. R. Blake, R. Shetter (2000), Photochemistry of HOx in the upper troposphere at northern midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3877-3892, DOI: 10.1029/1999JD901016.
  96. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, H. Irie, F. J. Murcray, J. Williams, P. Fogal, R. Blatherwick, C. Camy-Payret, S. Payan, H. Oelhaf, G. Wetzel, W. Traub, D. Johnson, K. Jucks, G. C. Toon, B. Sen, J.-F. Blavier, H. Schlager, H. Ziereis, N. Toriyama, M. Y. Danilin, J.M. Rodriguez, H. Kanzawa, and Y. Sasano (2000), A comparison of Arctic HNO3 profiles measured by ILAS and balloon-borne sensors, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 6761-6771, DOI: 10.1029/2005JD006439.
  97. Zhao, Y., Y. Kondo, F. J. Murcray, X. Liu, M. Koike, H. Irie, K. Suzuki, M. Sera, and Y. Ikegami (2000), Seasonal variations of HCN over northern Japan measured by ground-based infrared solar spectroscopy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2085-2088.
  98. Crawford, J., D. Davis, J. Olson, G. Chen, S. Liu, H. Fuelberg, J. Hannan, Y. Kondo, B. Anderson, G. Gregory, G. Sachse, R. Talbot, A. Viggiano, B. Heikes, J. Snow, H. Singh, and D. Blake (2000), Evolution and chemical consequences of lightning-produced NOx observed in the North Atlantic upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 19795-19809.
  99. Matsumi, Y., S. Murakami, M. Kono, K. Takahashi, M. Koike, and Y. Kondo (2001), High-sensitivity instrument for measuring atmospheric NO2, Analyt. Chem, 73, 5485-5493, DOI: 10.1021/ac010552f.
  100. Irie, H., M. Koike, Y. Kondo, G. E. Bodeker, M. Y. Danilin, and Y. Sasano (2001), Redistribution of nitric acid in the Arctic lower stratosphere during the winter of 1996-1997, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23139-23150.
  101. Takegawa, N., K. Kita, Y. Kondo, Y. Matsumi, D. D. Parrish, J.S. Holloway, M. Koike, and N. Toriyama (2001), Airborne VUV resonance fluorescence instrument for in situ measurement of CO, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24237-24244, DOI: 10.1029/2001JD000459.
  102. Kitada, T., M. Nishizawa, G. Kurata, and Y. Kondo (2001), Numerical simulation of the transport of biomass burning emissions in Southeast Asia-September and October, 1994, J. Global Environ. Engin., 7, 79-99.
  103. Matsumi, Y., M. Kono, T. Ichikawa, K. Takahashi, and Y. Kondo (2002), Laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the detection of tropospheric OH raicals, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 75, 711-717, 75.
  104. Rex, M., R. J. Salawitch, N. R. P Harris, P von der Gathen, G. O. Braathen, A. Schulz, H. Deckelman, M. Chipperfield, B.-M. Sinnhuber, E. Reimer, R. Alfier, R. Bevilacqua, K. Hoppel, M. Fromm, J. Lumpe, H. Kullmann, A. Kleinbohl, H. Bremer, M. von Konig, K. Kunzi, D. Toohey, H. Vomel, E. Richard, K. Aikin, H. Jost, J. B. Greenblatt, M. Lowenstein, J. R. Podolske, C. R. Webster, G. J. Flesch, D. C. Scott, R. L. Herman, J. W. Elkins, E. A. Ray, F. L. Moore, D. F. Hurst, P. Romashkin, G .C. Toon, B. Sen, J. J. Margitan, P. Wennberg, R. Neuber, M. Allart, B. R. Bojkov, H. Claude, J. Davies, W. Davies, H. De Backer, H. Dier, V. Dorokhov, H. Fast, Y. Kondo, E. Kyro, Z. Litynska, I. S. Mikkelsen, M. J. Molyneux, E. Moran, T. Nagai, H. Nakane, C. Parrondo, F. Ravegnani, P. Skrivankova, P. Viatte, and V. Yushkov (2002), Chemical depletion of Arctic ozone in winter 1999/2000, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8276, doi:10.1029/2001JD000533.
  105. Danilin, M. Y., M. K. W. Ko, L. Froidevaux, M. L. Santee, L. V. Lyjak, R. M. Bevilacqua, J. M. Zawodny, Y. Sasano, H. Irie, Y. Kondo, J. M. Russell III, C. J. Scott, and W. G. Read (2002), Trajectory hunting as a powerful technique to validate multi-platform measurements: Analysis of the MLS, HALOE, SAGE-II, ILAS, and POAM-II data in October-November 1996, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4420, doi:10.1029/2001JD002012.
  106. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, H. Irie, H. Ikeda, F. Lefevre, D. E. Hunton, A. Viggiano, T. M. Miller, G. W. Sachse, B. E. Anderson, D. W. Fahey, R. S. Gao, J. Elkins, and D. F. Hurst (2002), Redistribution of reactive nitrogen in the Arctic lower stratosphere in the 1999-2000 winter, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8275, doi:10.1029/2001JD001089.
  107. Zhao, Y., K. Strong, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, Y. Matsumi,, H. Irie, C. P. Rinsland, N. B. Jones, K. Suzuki, H. Nakajima, H. Nakane, and I. Murata (2002), Spectroscopic measurements of tropospheric CO, C2H6, C2H2, and HCN in northern Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4343, doi:10.1029/2001JD000748.
  108. Sugita, T., T. Yokota, H. Nakajima, H. Kanzawa, H. Nakane, H. Gernandt, V. Yushkov, K. Shibasaki, T. Deshler, Y. Kondo, S. Godin, F. Goutaail, J.-P. Pommereau, C. Camy-Peyret, S. Payan, P. Jeseck, J.-B. Renard, H. Bosch, R. Fizenberger, K. Pfeilsticker, M. von Konig, H. Bremer, H. Kullman, H. Schlager, J. J. Margitan, B. Stachnik, G. C. Toon, K. Jucks, W. A. Traub, D. G. Johnson, I. Murata, H. Fukunishi, and Y. Sasano (2002), Validation of ozone measurements from the improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8212, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000602.
  109. Irie, H., Y. Kondo, M. Koike, M. Y. Danilin, C.Camy-Peyret, S. Pyan, J. P. Pommereau, F. Goutail, H. Oelhaf, G. Wetzel, G. C. Toon, B. Sen, R. M. Bevilacqua, J. M. Russell III, J. B. Renard, H. Kanzawa, H. Nakajima, T. Yokota, T. Sugita, and Y. Sasano (2002), Validation of NO2 and HNO3 measurements from the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS) with the version 5.20 retrieval algorithm, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8206, doi: 10.1029/2001JD001304.
  110. Kondo, Y., M. Ko, M. Koike, S. Kawakami, and T. Ogawa (2002), Preface to special section on Biomass Burning and Lightning Experiment (BIBLE), J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8397, doi:10.1029/2001JD002401.
  111. Ko, M., HU. Wenjie, J. Rodriguez, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, K. Kita, S. Kawakami, D. Blake, and S. Liu (2002), Photochemical ozone budget during the BIBLE-A and B campaigns, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8404, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000800.
  112. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, D. Akutagawa, K. Kita, N. Nishi, S.C. Liu, D. R. Blake, S. Kawakami, N. Takegawa, M. Ko, Y. Zhao, and T. Ogawa (2002), Reactive nitrogen over the tropical Western Pacific: Influence from lightning and biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8403, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000823.
  113. Kondo, Y., M. Koike, K. Kita, H. Ikeda, N. Takegawa, S. Kawakami, D. Blake, S. C. Liu, M. Ko, H. Irie, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Higashi, B. Liley, N. Nishi, Y. Zhao, and T. Ogawa (2002), Effects of biomass burning, lightning, and convection on O3, CO, and NOy over the tropical Pacific and Australia in August-October 1998 and 1999, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8402, doi:10.1029/2001JD000820.
  114. Miyazaki, Y., K. Kita, Y. Kondo, M. Ko, W. Hu, M. Koike, S. Kawakami, D. R. Blake, and T. Ogawa (2002), Springtime photochemical ozone production in the upper troposphere over East Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8398, doi:10.1029/2001JD000811.
  115. Liley, J. B., D. Baumgardner, Y. Kondo, K. Kita, D. R. Blake, M. Koike, T. Machida, N. Takegawa, S. Kawakami, T. Shirai, and T. Ogawa (2002), Black carbon in aerosol during BIBLE-B, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8399, doi:10.1029/2001JD000845.
  116. Machida, T., K. Kita, Y. Kondo, D. R. Blake, S. Kawakami, G. Inoue, and T. Ogawa (2002), Vertical and meridional distributions of the atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio between mid latitude and southern subtropics, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8401, doi:10.1029/2001JD000910.
  117. Kopp, G., H. Berg, T. Blumenstock, H. Fischer, F. Hase, G. Hochschild, W. Kouker, I. Langbein, T. Rdeddmann, R. Ruhnke, U. Raffalski, D. Yashcov, and Y. Kondo (2002), Evolution of chlorine activation and ozone loss over Kiruna during the THESEO 2000-SOLVE campaign retrieved from ground based millimeter wave and infrared observations, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8308, doi:10.1029/2001JD001064.
  118. Kita, K., S. Kawakami, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Higashi, Y. Kondo, N. Nishi, M. Koike, D. R. Blake, T. Machida, T. Sano, W. Hu, M. Ko, and T. Ogawa (2003), Photochemical production of ozone in the upper troposphere in association with cumulus convection over Indonesia, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8400, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000844.
  119. Fujiwara, M., Y. Tomikawa, K. Kita, Y. Kondo, N. Komala, S. Saraspriya, T. Manik, A. Suripto, S. Kawakami, T. Ogawa, E. Kelana, B. Suhardi , S.W.B. Harijono, M. Kudsy,T. Sribimawati, M. D. Yamanaka (2003), Ozonesonde observations in the Indonesian maritime continent: a case study on ozone rich layer in the equatorial upper troposphere, Atmos. Environ., 37, 353-362.
  120. Shirai, T., D. R. Blake, S. Meinardi, F. S. Rowland, J. Russell-Smith, A. Edwards, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, K. Kita, T. Machida, N. Takegawa, N. Nishi, S. Kawakami, and T. Ogawa (2003), Emission estimates of selected volatile organic compounds from tropical savanna burning in northern Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8406, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000841.
  121. Kondo, Y, O. B. Toon, H. Irie, B. Gamblin, M. Koike, N. Takegawa, M. A. Tolbert, P. K. Hudson, A. A. Viggiano, L. M. Avallone, A. G. Hallar, B. E. Anderson, G. W. Sachse, S.A. Vay, D. E. Hunton, J. O. Ballenthin, and T. M. Miller (2003), Uptake of reactive nitrogen on cirrus cloud particles in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(4), 1154, doi:10.1029/2002GL016539.
  122. Irie, H., and Y. Kondo (2003), Evidence for the nucleation of polar stratospheric clouds from liquid particles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1189, doi:10.1029/2002GL016493.
  123. Ballenthin, J. O., W. F. Thorn, T. M. Miller, A. A. Viggiano, D. E. Hunton, M. Koike, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, H. Irie, and H. Ikeda (2003), In situ HNO3 to NOy instrument comparison during SOLVE, J. Geophys. Res., 108, doi:10.1029/2002JD002136.
  124. Takegawa, N., Y. Kondo, M. Koike, M. Ko, K. Kita, D. R. Blake, N. Nishi, W. Hu, J. B. Liley, S. Kawakami, T. Shirai, Y. Miyazaki, H. Ikeda, J. Russell-Smith, and T. Ogawa (2003), Removal of NOx and NOy in biomass burning plumes in the boundary layer over northern Australia, J. Geophys. Res., 108, doi:10.1029/2002JD002505.
  125. Takegawa, N., Y. Kondo, M. Ko, M. Koike, K. Kita, D. R. Blake, W. Hu, C. Scott, S. Kawakami, J. Russell-Smith, and T. Ogawa (2003), Photochemical production of O3 in biomass burning plumes in the boundary layer over northern Australia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, doi:10.1029/2003GL017017.
  126. Singh, H. B., L. Salas, D. Herlth, R. Kolyer, E. Czech, W. Viezeee, Q. Li, D. J. Jacob, D. Blake, G. Sachse, C. N. Harward, H. Fuelberg, C. M. Kiley, Y. Zhao, and Y. Kondo (2003), In-situ measurement of HCN and CH3CN over the Pacific: Sources, sinks, and budgets, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 8795, doi:10.1029/2002JD003006.
  127. Miyazaki, Y., Y. Kondo, M. Koike, K. Kita, N. Takegawa, H. E. Fuelberg, G. W. Sachse, F. Flocke, A. J. Weinheimer, H. B. Singh, F. L. Eisele, M. Zondlo, R. W. Talbot, S. T. Sandholm, M. A. Avery, and D. R. Blake (2003), Synoptic-scale transport of reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 8788, doi:10.1029/2002JD003248.
  128. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, K. Kita, N. Takegawa, Y. Masui, Y. Miyazaki, M. K. Ko, R. J. Weber, D. C. Thornton, G. W. Sachse, S. A. Vay, D. R. Blake, D. G. Streets, F. Flocke, A. J. Weinheimer, F. L. Eisele, S. T. Sandholm, H. B. Singh, and R. W. Talbot (2003), Export of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen and sulfur compounds from the East Asia region in spring, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D20), 8789, doi:10.1029/2002JD003284.
  129. Eisele, F. L., L. Mauldin, C. Cantrell, M. Zondlo, E. Apel, A Fried, J. Walega, R. Shetter, B. Lefer, F. Flocke, A. Weinheimer, M. Avery, S. Vay, G. Sachse, J. D. Barrick, H. B. Singh, W. Brune, H. Harder, M. Martinez, A. Bandy, D. Thornton, B. Heikes, Y. Kondo, D. Riemer, S. Sandholm, D. Tan, R. Talbot, and J. Dibb (2003), Summary of measurement intercomparison during TRACE-P, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8791, doi:10.1029/2002JD003167.
  130. Cantrell, C. A., G. D. Edwards, S. Stephens, R. L. Mauldin, M. Zondlo, E. Kosciuch, F. L. Eisele, R. E. Shetter, B. L. Lefer, S. Hall, F. Flocke, A. Weinheimer, A. Fried, E. Apel, Y. Kondo, D. R. Blake, N. Blake, I. Simpson, A. Bandy, D. Thornton, B. Heikes, H. Singh, W. Brune, H. Harder, M. Martinez-Harder, M. A. Avery, S. Vay, J. D. Barrick, G. W. Sachse, J. R. Olsen, J. H. Crawford, and A. D. Clarke (2003), Peroxy radical behavior during TRACE-P campaign as measured aboard the NASA P-3B aircraft, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8797, doi:10.1029/2002JD003674.
  131. Crawford, J., J. Olson, D. Davis, G. Chen, J. Barrick, R. Shetter, B. Lefer, C. Jordan, B. Anderson, A. Clark, G. Sachse, D. Blake, H. Singh, S. Sandholm, D. Tan, Y. Kondo, M. Avery, F. Flocke, F. Eisele, L. Mauldin, M. Zondlo, W. Brune, H. Hardar, M. Martinez, R. Talbot, A. Bandy, D. Thornton, and S. Vay (2003), Clouds and trace gas distributions during TRACE-P, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8818, doi:10.1029/2002JD003177.
  132. Davis, D. D., G. Chen, J. H. Crawford, S. Liu, D. Tan, S. T. Sandholm, P. Jing, D. M. Cunnold, B. DiNunno, E. V. Browell, W. B. Grant, M. A. Fenn, B. E. Anderson, J. D. Barrick, G. W. Sachse, S. A. Vay, C. H. Hudgins, M. A. Avery, B. Lefer, R. E. Shetter, B. G. Heikes, D. R. Blake, N. Blake, Y. Kondo, and S. Oltmans (2003), An Assessment of western North Pacific ozone photochemistry based on springtime observations from NASA’s PEM-West B (1994) and TRACEP (2001) field studies, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8829, doi:10.1029/2002JD003232.
  133. DiNunno, B., D. D. Davis, G. Chen, G. Gregory, G. Sachse, B. Anderson, S. Vay, M. Avery, B. Ridley, M. Carroll, J. Walega, D. Montzka, F. Grahek, J. Bradshaw, S. Sandholm, Y. Kondo, G. Kok, D. Blake, N. Blake, J. Barrick, H. Fuelberg, B. Martin, and A. Balok (2003), Central/eastern North Pacific photochemical precursor distributions for fall/spring seasons as defined by airborne field studies, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8240, doi:10.1029/2001JD001044.
  134. Carmichael, G. R., Y. Tang, G. Kurata, I. Uno, D. G. Streets, N. Thongboonchoo, J.-H. Woo, S. Guttikunda, A. White, T. Wang, D. R. Blake, E. Atlas, A. Fried, B. Potter, M. A. Avery, G. W. Sachse, S. T. Sandholm, Y. Kondo, R. W. Talbot, A. Bandy, D. Thornton, and A. D. Clarke (2003), Evaluating regional emission estimates using the TRACE-P observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), 8820, doi:10.1029/2002JD003116.
  135. Carmichael, G. R., Y. Tang, G. Kurata, I. Uno, D. G. Streets, J.-H. Woo, H. Huang, J. Yienger, B. Lefer, R. E. Shetter, D. R. Blake, A. Fried, E. Apel, F. Eisele, C. Cantrell, M. A. Avery, J. D. Barrick, G. W. Sachse, W. L. Brune, S. T. Sandholm, Y. Kondo, H. B. Singh, R. W. Talbot, A. Bandy, A. D. Clarke, and B. G. Heikes (2003), Regional-scale chemical transport modeling in support of the analysis of observations obtained during the TRACE-P experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8823, doi:10.1029/2002JD003117.
  136. Tang, Y. H., G. R. Carmichael, J. H. Woo, N. Thongboonchoo, G. Kurata, I. Uno, D. G. Streets, D. R. Blake, R. J. Weber, R. W. Talbot, Y. Kondo, H. B. Singh, and T. Wang (2003), Influences of biomass burning during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) experiment identified by the regional chemical transport model, J. Geophys. Res, 108(D21), 8824, doi:10.1029/2002JD003110.
  137. Pierce, R. B., J. A. Al-Saadi, T. Scaack, A. Lenzen, T. Zapotocny, D. Johnson, C. Kittaka, M. Buker, M. H. Hitchman, G. Tripoli, T. D. Fairlie, J. R. Olson, M. Natarajan, J. Crawford, J. Fishman, M. Avery, E. V. Browell, J. Creilson, Y. Kondo, S. T. Sandholm (2003), Regional air quality modeling system (RAQMS) predictions of the Tropospheric ozone budget over East Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8825, doi:10.1029/2002JD003176.
  138. Kondo, Y., N. Takegawa, Y. Miyazaki, M. Ko, M. Koike, K. Kita, S. Kawakami, T. Shirai, T. Ogawa, D. R. Blake, B. Liley, J. Russel-Smith (2003), Effects of biomass burning and lightning on atmospheric chemistry over Australia and southeast Asia, International Journal of Wildland Fire, 12, 271-281.
  139. Nakamura, K., Y. Kondo, G. Chen, J. H. Crawford, N. Takegawa, M. Koike, K. Kita, Y. Miyazaki, R. E. Shetter, B. L. Lefer, M. Avery, and J. Matsumoto (2003), Measurement of NO2 by photolysis conversion technique during the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4752, doi:10.1029/2003JD003712.
  140. Emmons, L. K., M. Deeter, J. C. Gille, D. P. Edwards, J.-L. Attie, J. Warner, D. Ziskin, G. Fancis, B. Khattatov, V. Yudin, J.-F. Lamarque, S.-P. Ho, D. Mao, J. S. Chen, J. Drummond, P. Novelli, G. Sachse, M. T. Coffey, J. W. Hannigan, C. Gerbig, S. Kawakami, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, H. Schlager, J. Baehr, and H. Ziereis (2004), Validation of Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) CO retrievals with aircraft in situ profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03309, doi:10.1029/2003JD004101.
  141. Irie, H., Y. Kondo, M. Koike, N. Takegawa, A. Tabazadeh, M. Reeves, G. W. Sachse, S. A. Vay, B. E. Anderson, and M. J. Mahoney (2004), Liquid ternary aerosols of HNO3/H2SO4/H2O in the Arctic tropopause region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L01105, doi:10.1029/2003GL018678.
  142. Wild, O., M. J. Prather, H. Akimoto, J. K. Sundet, I. S. Isaksen, J. H. Crawford, D. D. Davis, M. A. Avery, Y. Kondo, G. W. Sachse, and S. T. Sandholm (2004), Chemical transport model ozone simulations for spring 2001 over the western Pacific: Regional ozone production and its global impact, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15S02, doi:10.1029/2003JD004041.
  143. Kondo, Y., Y. Morino, N. Takegawa, M. Koike, K. Kita, Y. Miyazaki, G. W. Sachse, S. A. Vay, M. A. Avery, F. Flocke, A. J. Weinheimer, F. L. Eisele, M. Zondlo, R. J. Weber, H. B. Singh, G. Chen, J. Crawford, D. R. Blake, H. E. Fuelberg, A. D. Clarke, R. W. Talbot, S. T. Sandholm, E.V. Browell, D. G. Streets, and B. Liley (2004), Impacts of biomass burning in Southeast Asia on ozone and reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15S12, doi:10.1029/2003JD004203.
  144. Yurganov, L. N., T. Blumenstock, E. I. Grechko, F. Hase, E. J. Hyer, E. S. Kasischke, M. Koike, Y. Kondo, I. Kramer, F.-Y. Leung, E. Mahieu, J. Mellqvist, J. Notholt, P. C. Novelli, C. P. Rinsland, H. E. Scheel, A. Schultz, A. Strandberg, R. Sussmann, H. Tanimoto, V. Velazco, R. Zander, and Y. Zhao (2004), A quantitative assessment of the 1998 carbon monoxide emission anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere based on total column and surface concentration measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D15305, doi:10.1029/2004JD004559.
  145. Kondo, Y., K. Nakamura, G. Chen, N. Takegawa, M. Koike, Y. Miyazaki, K. Kita, J. Crawford, M. Ko, D. R. Blake, S. Kawakami, T. Shirai, B. Liley, and T. Ogawa (2004), Photochemistry of ozone over the western Pacific from winter to spring, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S02, doi:10.1029/2004JD004871.
  146. Takegawa, N., Y. Kondo, M. Koike, G. Chen, T. Machida, T. Watai, D. R. Blake, D. G. Streets, J.-H. Woo, G. R. Carmichael, K. Kita, Y. Miyazaki, T. Shirai, J. B. Liley, and T. Ogawa (2004), Removal of NOx and NOy in Asian outflow plumes: Aircraft measurements over the western Pacific in January 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S04, doi:10.1029/2004JD004866.
  147. Hudman, R. C., D. J. Jacob, O. C. Cooper, M. J. Evans, C. L. Heald, R. J. Park, F. Fehsenfeld, F. Flocke, J. Holloway, G. Hubler, K. Kita, M. Koike, Y. Kondo, A. Neuman, J. Nowak, S. Oltmans, D. Paarish, J. M. Roberts, and T. Ryerson (2004), Ozone production in transpacific Asian pollution plumes and implications for ozone air quality in California, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S10, doi:10.1029/2004JD004974.
  148. Oshima, N., M. Koike, H. Nakamura, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, Y. Miyazaki, D.R. Blake, T. Shirai, K. Kita, S. Kawakami, and T. Ogawa (2004), Asian chemical outflow to the Pacific in late spring observed during the PEACE-B aircraft mission, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S05, doi:10.1029/2004JD004976.
  149. Parrish, D.D., Y. Kondo, O. R. Cooper, C. A. Brock, D. A. Jaffe, M. Trainer, T. Ogawa, G. Hübler, and F. C. Fehsenfeld (2004), Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT-2K2) and Pacific Exploration of Asian Continental Emission (PEACE) experiments: An Overview of the 2002 winter and spring intensives, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23S01, doi:10.1029/2004JD004980.
  150. Miyazaki, Y., Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, R. J. Weber, M. Koike, K. Kita, M. Fukuda, Y. Ma, A. D. Clarke, V. N. Kapustin, F. Flocke, A. J. Weinheimer, M. Zondlo, F. L. Eisele, D. R. Blake, and B. Liley (2005), Contribution of particulate nitrate to airborne measurements of total reactive nitrogen, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15304, doi:10.1029/2004JD005502.
  151. Takegawa, N., Y. Miyazaki, Y. Kondo, Y. Komazaki, T. Miyakawa, J. L. Jimenez, J. T. Jayne, D. R. Worsnop, J. D. Allan, and R. J. Weber (2005), Characterization of an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS): Intercomparison with other aerosol instruments, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39, 760-770.
  152. Irie, H., K. Sudo, H. Akimoto, R. Richter, J. P. Burrows, T. Wagner, M. Wenig, S. Beirle, Y. Kondo, V. P. Sinyakov, and F. Goutail (2005), Evaluation of long-term tropospheric NO2 data obtained by GOME over East Asia in 1996-2002, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L11810, doi:10.1029/2005GL022770.
  153. Cooper, O. R., A. Stohl, S. Eckhardt, D. D. Parrish, S. J. Oltmans, B. J. Johnson, P. Nédélec, F. J. Schmidlin, M. J. Newchurch, Y. Kondo, and K. Kita (2005), A springtime comparison of tropospheric ozone and transport pathways on the east and west coasts of the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 110 (D5), D05S90, doi:10.1029/2004JD005183.
  154. Meier, A., C. Paton-Walsh, W. Bell, T. Blumenstock, F. Hase, A. Goldman, A. Steen, R. Kift, P. Woods, and Y. Kondo (2005), Evidence of reduced measurement uncertainties from an FTIR instrument intercomparison at Kiruna, Sweden, J. Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 96, 75-84.
  155. Takigawa, M., K. Sudo, H. Akimoto, K. Kita, N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, and M. Takahashi (2005), Estimation of the contribution of intercontinental transport during the PEACE campaign by using a global model, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D21313, doi:10.1029/2005JD006226.
  156. Thornton, B. F., D. W. Toohey, L. M. Avallone, A. G. Hallar, H. Harder, M. Martinez, J. B. Simpas, W. H. Brune, M. Koike, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, B. Anderson, and M. A. Avery (2005), Variability of active chlorine in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D22304, doi:10.1029/2004JD005580.
  157. Irie, H., T. Sugita, H. Nakajima, T. Yokota, H. Oelhaf, G. Wetzel, G. C. Toon, B. Sen, M. L. Santee, Y. Terao, N. Saitoh, M. K. Ejiri, T. Tanaka, Y. Kondo, H. Kanzawa, H. Kobayashi, and Y. Sasano (2006), Validation of stratospheric nitric acid profiles observed by Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)-II, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D11S03, doi:10.1029/2005JD006115.
  158. Kondo, Y., Y. Komazaki, Y. Miyazaki, N. Moteki, N. Takegawa, D. Kodama, S. Deguchi, M. Nogami, M. Fukuda, T. Miyakawa, Y. Morino, M. Koike, H. Sakurai, and K. Ehara (2006), Temporal variations of elemental carbon in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D12205, doi:10.1029/2005JD006257.
  159. Takegawa, N., T. Miyakawa, Y. Kondo, J. L. Jimenez, D. R. Worsnop, and M. Fukuda (2006), Seasonal and diurnal variations of submicron organic aerosol in Tokyo observed using the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D11206, doi:10.1029/2005JD006515.
  160. Kita, K., Y. Morino, Y. Kondo, Y. Komazaki, N. Takegawa, Y. Miyazaki, J. Hirokawa, S. Tanaka, T. L. Thompson, R.-S. Gao, and D. W. Fahey (2006), A chemical ionization mass spectrometer for ground-based measurement of nitric acid, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 23, 1104-1113.
  161. Takegawa, N., T. Miyakawa, Y. Kondo, D. R. Blake, Y. Kanaya, M. Koike, M. Fukuda, Y. Komazaki, Y. Miyazaki, A. Shimono, and T. Takeuchi (2006), Evolution of submicron organic aerosol in polluted air exported from Tokyo, Geophys. Res., Lett., 33, L15814, doi:10.1029/2006GL025815.
  162. Morino, Y., Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, Y. Miyazaki, K. Kita, Y. Komazaki, M. Fukuda, T. Miyakawa, N. Moteki, and D. R. Worsnop (2006), Partitioning of HNO3 and particulate nitrate over Tokyo: Effect of vertical mixing, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D15215, doi:10.1029/2005JD006887.
  163. Koike, M., N. B. Jones, P. I. Palmer, H. Matsui, Y. Zhao, Y. Kondo, Y. Matsumi, and H. Tanimoto (2006), Seasonal variation of carbon monoxide in northern Japan: FTIR measurements and source-labeled model calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D15306, doi:10.1029/2005JD006643.
  164. Voigt, C., H. Schlager, H. Ziereis, B. Karcher, B. P. Luo, C. Schiller, M. Kramer, P. J. Popp, H. Irie, and Y. Kondo (2006), Nitric acid in cirrus clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L05803, doi:10.1029/2005GL025159.
  165. Rose, W. I., G. A. Millard, T. A. Mather, D. E. Hunton, B. Anderson, C. Oppenheimer, B. F. Thornton, T. M. Gerlach, A. A. Viggiano, and Y. Kondo (2006), The atmospheric chemistry of a 33-34 hour old volcanic cloud from Hekla Volcano (Iceland): insights from direct sampling and the application of chemical box modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D20206, doi:10.1029/2005JD006872.
  166. Gamblin, B., O. B. Toon, M. A. Tolbert, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, H. Irie, M. Koike, J. O. Ballentine, D. E. Hunton, T. M. Miller, A. A. Viggiano, B. E. Anderson, M. Avery, G. W. Sachse, J. R. P. Podolske, K. Guenther, C. Sorenson, and M. J. Mahoney (2006), Nitric acid condensation on ice: 1. Non-HNO3 constituent of NOY condensing on upper tropospheric cirrus particles, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21203, doi:10.1029/2005JD006048.
  167. Mochida M., M. Kuwata, T. Miyakawa, N. Takegawa, K. Kawamura, and Y. Kondo (2006), Relationship between hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity for urban aerosols in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23204, doi:10.1029/2005JD006980.
  168. Miyazaki, Y., Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, Y. Komazaki, M. Fukuda, K. Kawamura, M. Mochida, K. Okuzawa, and R. J. Weber (2006), Time-resolved measurements of water-soluble organic carbon in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23206, doi:10.1029/2006JD007125.
  169. Bae, M.-S., C.-S. Hong, Y. J. Kom, J.-S. Han, K.-J. Moon, Y. Kondo, Y. Komazaki, and Y. Miyazaki (2007), Intercomparison of two different thermal-optical elemental carbons and optical black carbon during ABC-EAREX2005, Atmos. Env., 41, 2791-2803.
  170. Kondo, Y., Y. Miyazaki, N. Takegawa, T. Miyakawa, R. J. Weber, J. L. Jimenez, Q. Zhang, and D. R. Worsnop (2007), Oxygenated and water-soluble organic aerosols in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D01203, doi:10.1029/2006JD007056.
  171. Moteki, N. and Y. Kondo (2007), Effects of mixing state on black carbon measurements by laser-induced incandescence, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 41, 398-417.
  172. Takegawa, N, T. Miyakawa, K. Kawamura, and Y. Kondo (2007), Contribution of selected dicarboxylic and ω-oxocarboxylic acids in ambient aerosol to the m/z 44 signal of an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 41, 418-437.
  173. Moteki, N., Y. Kondo, Y. Miyazaki, N. Takegawa, Y. Komazaki, G. Kurata, T. Shirai, D. R. Blake, T. Miyakawa, and M. Koike (2007), Evolution of mixing state of black carbon particles: Aircraft measurements over the western Pacific in March 2004, Geophys. Res., Lett., 34, L11803, doi:10.1029/2006GL028943.
  174. Kuwata, M., Y. Kondo, M. Mochida, N. Takegawa, and K. Kawamurra (2007), Dependence of CCN activity of less volatile particles on the amount of coating observed in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D11207, doi:10.1029/2006JD007758.
  175. Zhang, Q., J. L. Jimenes, M. R. Canagaratna, J. D. Allan, H. Coe, I Ulbrich, M. R. Alfarra, A. Takami, A. M. Middlebrook, Y. L. Sun, K. Dzepina, E. Dunlea, K. Dcherty, P. F. DeCarlo, D. Salcedo, T. Onasch, J. T. Jayne, T. Miyoshi, A. Shimono, S. Hatakeyama, N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, J. Schneider, F. Drewnick, S. Borrmann, S. Weimer, K. Demerjian, P. Williams, K. Bower, R. Bahreini, L. Cottrell, R. J. Griffin, J. Rautianen, J. Y. Sun, Y. M. Zhang, and D. R. Worsnop (2007), Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically-influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13801, doi:10.1029/2007GL029979.
  176. Miyakawa, T., N. Takegawa, and Y. Kondo (2007), Removal of sulfur dioxide and formation of sulfate aerosol in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13209, doi:10.1029/2006JD007896.
  177. Shiraiwa, M., Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, N. Takegawa, Y. Miyazaki, and D.R. Blake (2007), Evolution of mixing state of black carbon in polluted air from Tokyo, Geophys. Res., Lett., 34, L16803, doi:10.1029/2007GL029819.
  178. Gamblin, B., O. B. Toon, M. A. Tolbert, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, H. Irie, M. Koike, P. K. Hudson, J. O. Ballenthin, D. E. Hunton, T. M. Miller, A. A. Viggiano, B. E. Anderson, M. Avery, G. W. Sachse, K. Guenther, C. Sorenson, and M. J. Mahoney (2007), Nitric acid condensation on ice: 2. Kinetic limitations, a possible “cloud clock” for determining cloud particle lifetime, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12209, doi:10.1029/2005JD006049.
  179. Koike, M., Y. Kondo, K. Kita, N. Takegawa, N. Nishi, T. Kashihara, S. Kawakami, S. Kudoh, D. Blake, T. Shirai, B. Liley, M. Ko, Y. Miyazaki, Z. Kawasaki, and T. Ogawa (2007), Measurements of reactive nitrogen produced by tropical thunderstorms during BIBLE-C, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D18304, doi:10.1029/2006JD008193.
  180. Miyazaki, Y., Y. Kondo, S. Han, M. Koike, D. Kodama, Y. Komazaki, H. Tanimoto, and H. Matsueda (2007), Chemical characteristics of water-soluble organic carbon in the Asian outflow, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D22S30, doi:10.1029/2007JD009116.
  181. Tanskanen, A., A Lindfors, A. Määttä, N. Krotkov, J. Herman, J. Kaurola, T. Koskela, K. Lakkala, V. Fioletov , G. Bernhard, R. McKenzie, Y. Kondo, M. O'Neill, H. Slaper, P. den Outer, A. F. Bais, J. Tamminen (2007), Validation of daily erythemal doses from Ozone Monitoring Instrument with ground-based UV measurement data J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24S44, doi:10.1029/2007JD008830.
  182. Shirai, T., Y. Yokouchi, D. R. Blake, K. Kita, K. Izumi, M. Koike, Y. Komazaki, Y. Miyazaki, M. Fukuda, and Y. Kondo (2007), Seasonal variation of atmospheric C2-C7 nonmethane hydrocarbons in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24305, doi:10.1029/2006JD008163.
  183. Kanaya, Y., R. Cao, H. Akimoto, M. Fukuda, Y. Komazaki, Y. Yokouchi, M. Koike, H. Tanimoto, N. Takegawa, and Y. Kondo (2007), Urban photochemistry in central Tokyo: 1. Observed and modeled OH and HO2 radical concentrations during the winter summer of 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D21312, doi:10.1029/2007JD008670.
  184. Moteki, N., and Y. Kondo (2008), Method to measure time-dependent scattering cross sections of particles evaporating in a laser beam, J. Aerosol Sci., 39, 348-364.
  185. Kuwata, M., Y. Kondo, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Komazaki, J. H. Kim, S. S. Yum, H. Tanimoto, and H. Matsueda (2008), Cloud condensation nulei activity at Jeju Island, Korea in spring 2005, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 2933-2958.
  186. Mochida, M., T. Miyakawa, N. Takegawa, Y. Morino, K. Kawamura, and Y. Kondo (2008), Significant alteration in the hygroscopic properties of urban aerosol particles by the secondary formation of organics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L02804, doi:10.1029/2007GL031310.
  187. Kanaya, Y., M. Fukuda, H. Akimoto, N. Takegawa, Y. Komazaki, Y. Yokouchi, M. Koike, and Y. Kondo (2008), Urban photochemistry in central Tokyo: 2. Rates and regimes of oxidant (O3 + NO2) production, J. Geophys. Res., 2008, 113, D06301, doi:10.1029/2007JD008671 (2008).
  188. Hua, W., Z. M. Chen, C. Y. Jie, Y. Kondo, A. Hofzumahause, N. Takegawa, K. D. Lu, Y. Miyazaki, K. Kita, H. L. Wang, Y. H. Zhang, and M. Hu (2008), Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides during PRIDE-PRD’s06, China: their concentration, formation mechanism and contribution to secondary aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, 8, 10481-10530.
  189. Miyakawa, T., N. Takegawa, and Y. Kondo (2008), Photochemical evolution of submicron aerosol chemical composition in the Tokyo megacity region in summer, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14304, doi:10.1029/2007JD009493.
  190. Kondo, Y., R. C. Hudman, K. Nakamura, G. Chen, Y. Miyazaki, N. Takegawa, M. Koike, M. Ko, K. Kita, D. R. Blake, T. Shirai, and S. Kawakami (2008), Mechanisms that influence the formation of high-ozone regions in the boundary layer downwind of the Asian continent in winter and spring, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D15304, doi:10.1029/2007JD008978.
  191. Kuwata, M., and Y. Kondo (2008), Dependence of size-resolved CCN spectra on the mixing state of non-volatile cores observed in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D19202 doi:10.1029/2007JD009761.
  192. McKenzie, R. L., C. Weinreis, P. V. Johnston, B. Liley, H. Shiona, M. Kotkamp, D. Smale, N. Takegawa, and Y. Kondo (2008), Effects of urban pollution on UV spectral irradiance, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 5683–5697.
  193. Miyazaki, Y., Y. Kondo, L. K. Sahu, J. Imaru, N. Fukushima, and A. Kanno (2008), Performance of a newly designed continuous soot monitoring system (COSMOS), J. Env. Monit., 10, 1195-1201, DOI: 10.1039/b806957c.
  194. Garland, R. M., Yang, H., Schmid, O., Rose, D., Nowak, A., Achtert, P., Wiedensohler, A., Takegawa, N., Kita, K, Miyazaki, Y., Kondo, Y., Hu, M., Shao, M., Zeng, L. M., Zhang, Y. H., Andreae, M. O., and Pöshl, U. (2008), Aerosol optical properties in a rural environment near the mega-city Guangzhou, China: Implications for regional air pollution, radiative forcing and remote sensing, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8,:5161-5186, doi:10.5194/acp-8-5161-2008.
  195. Choi, I. J., S. W. Kim, J. Kim, S. C. Yoon, M. H. Kim, N. Sugimoto, Y. Kondo, Y. Miyazaki, K. J. Moon, J. S. Han (2008), Characteristics of the transport and vertical structure of aerosols during ABC-EAREX2005, Atmos. Environ., 42, 8513-8523.
  196. Kondo, Y., Y. Morino, Fukuda, M. Y. Miyazaki, N. Takegawa, Y. Kanaya, H. Tanimoto, R. McKenzie, P. Johnston, D.R. Blake, and T. Murayama (2008), Formation and transport oxidized reactive nitrogen, ozone, and secondary organic aerosol in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D21310, doi:10.1029/2007JD010134.
  197. Hua, W., Z. M. Chen, C. Y. Jie, Y. Kondo, A. Hofzumahause, N. Takegawa, K. D. Lu, Y. Miyazaki, K. Kita, H. L. Wang, Y. H. Zhang, and M. Hu (2008), Atmospheric hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides during PRIDE-PRD’ 06, China: their concentration, formation mechanism and contribution to secondary aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6755-6773.
  198. Shiraiwa, M., Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, N. Takegawa, L. K. Sahu, A. Takami, S. Hatakeyama, S. Yonemura, and D. R. Blake (2008), Radiative impact of mixing state of black carbon aerosol in Asian outflow, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D24210, doi:10.1029/2008JD010546.
  199. Takegawa, N., T. Miyakawa, M. Watanabe, Y. Kondo, Y. Miyazaki, S. Han, D. van Pinxteren, E. Bruggemann, T. Gnauk, H. Herrmann, R. Xiao, Z. Deng, M. Hu, T. Zhu, and Y. Zhang (2009), Performance of an Arerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) during intensive campaigns in China in the summer of 2006, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 43, 189-204.
  200. Sahu, L. K., Y. Kondo, Y. Miyazaki, M. Kuwata, M. Koike, N. Takegawa, H. Tanimoto, H. Matsueda, S.C. Yoon, and Y. J. Kim (2009), Anthropogenic aerosols observed in Asian continental outflow at Jeju Island, Korea, in spring 2005, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D03301, doi:10.1029/2008JD010306.
  201. Garland, R. M., O. Schmid, A. Nowak, P. Achtert, A. Wiedensohler, S. S. Gunthe, N. Takegawa, K Kita, Y Kondo, M Hu, M Shao, LM Zeng, T Zhu, MO Andreae, and U. Pöschl (2009), Aerosol optical properties observed during CAREBeijing-2006: Characteristic differences between the inflow and outflow of Beijing city air, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00G04, doi:10.1029/2008JD010780.
  202. Matsui, H., M. Koike, N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, R. J. Griffin, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Yokouchi, and T. Ohara (2009), Secondary organic aerosol formation in urban air: Temporal variations and possible contributions from unidentified hydrocarbons, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D04201, doi:10.1029/2008JD010164.
  203. Kuwata, M., and Y. Kondo (2009), Measurements of particle masses of inorganic salt particles for calibration of cloud condensation nuclei counters, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5921-5932.
  204. Oshima, N. M. Koike, Y. Zhang, Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, N. Takegawa, and Y. Miyazaki (2009), Aging of black carbon in outflow from anthropogenic sources using a mixing state resolved model: 1. Model development and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D06210, doi:10.1029/2008JD010680.
  205. Song, C. H., M. E. Park, E. J. Lee, J. H. Lee, B. K. Lee, D. S. Lee, J. S. Han, K. J. Moon, and Y. Kondo (2009), Possible particulate nitrite formation and its atmospheric implications inferred from the observations in Seoul, Korea, Atmos. Environ., 43, 2168-2173.
  206. Takegawa, N., T. Miyakawa, M. Kuwata, Y. Kondo, Y. Zhao, S. Han, K. Kita, Y. Miyazaki, Z. Deng, R. Xiao, M. Hu, D. van Pinxteren, H. Hermann, A. Hofzumahaus, F. Holland, A. Wahner, D. R. Blake, N. Sugimoto, and T. Zhu (2009), Variability of submicron aerosol observed at a rural site in Beijing in the summer of 2006, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00G05, doi:10.1029/2008JD010857.
  207. Achtert, P., W. Birmili, A. Nowak, A. Wiedensohler, B. Wehner, N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, Y. Miyazaki, T. Zhu, M. Hu (2009), Hygroscopic growth of tropospheric number size distributions over the North China Plain, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00G07, doi:10.1029/2008JD010921.
  208. Wiedensohler, Y. F. Cheng, A., A. Nowak, B. Wehner, P. Achtert, M. Berghof, W. Birmili, M. Hu, T. Zhu, N. Takegawa, K. Kita, Y. Kondo, S. R. Lou, A. Hofzmahaus, F. Holland, A. Wahner, S. S. Gunthe, D. Rose, and U Pöschl (2009), Rapid aerosol particle growth and increase of cloud condensation nucleus activity by secondary aerosol formation and condensation: A case study for regional air pollution in northeastern China, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00G08, doi:10.1029/2008JD010884.
  209. Kondo, Y. L. Sahu, M. Kuwata, Y. Miyazaki, N. Takegawa, N. Moteki, J. Imaru, S. Han, T. Nakayama, N. T. Kim Oanh, M. Hu, Y. J. Kim, and K. Kita (2009), Stabilization of the mass absorption cross section of black carbon for filter-based absorption photometry by the use of a heated inlet, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 43, 741-756.
  210. Lin, P., M. Hu, Z. Deng, J. Slanina, S. Han, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Zhao, and N. Sugimoto (2009), Seasonal and diurnal variations of organic carbon in PM2.5 in Beijing and the estimation of secondary organic carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00G11, doi:10.1029/2008JD010902.
  211. Hofzumahaus, A., F. Rohrer, K. Lu, B. Bohn, T. Brauers, C. C. Chang, H. Fuchs, F. Holland, K. Kita, Y. Kondo, X. Li, S. Lou, M. Shao, A. Wahner,Y. Zhang (2009), Amplified trace gas removal in the troposphere, Science, 324, 1702-1704.
  212. Xiao, R., N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, Y. Miyazaki, T. Miyakawa, M. Hu, M. Shao, L.M. Zeng (2009), A. Hofzumahaus, N. Sugimoto, Y. Zhao, Y. H. Zhang, Formation of submicron sulfate and organic aerosols in the outflow from the urban region of the Pearl River Delta in China, Atmos. Environ., 43, 3754-3763.
  213. Miyazaki, Y., Y. Kondo, M. Shiraiwa, N. Takegawa, T. Miyakawa, S. Han, K. Kita, M. Hu, Z. Q. Deng, Y. Zhao, N.Sugimoto, D. R. Blake, and R. J. Weber (2009), Chemical characterization of water-soluble organic carbon aerosols at a rural site in the Pearl River Delta, China, in the summer of 2006, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D14208, doi:10.1029/2009JD011736.
  214. Matsui, H., M. Koike, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, K. Kita, Y. Miyazaki, M. Hu, S-Y Chang, J. D. R. Blake, J. D. Fast, R. A. Zaveri, D. G. Streets, Q. Zhang, and T. Zhu (2009), Spatial and temporal variations of aerosols around Beijing in summer 2006: Model evaluation and source apportionment, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00G13, doi:10.1029/2008JD010906.
  215. Moteki, N., Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, and S. Nakamura (2009), Directional dependence of thermal emission from nonspherical carbon particles, J. Aerosol Sci., 40, 790-801.
  216. Oshima, N. M. Koike, Y. Zhang, and Y. Kondo (2009), Aging of black carbon in outflow from anthropogenic sources using a mixing state resolved model: 2. Aerosol optical properties and condensation nuclei activties, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D18202, doi:10.1029/2008JD11681.
  217. Kuwata, M., and Y. Kondo (2009), Measurements of particle masses of inorganic salt particles for calibration of cloud condensation nuclei counters, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5921-5932.
  218. Kuwata, M., Y. Kondo, and N. Takegawa (2009), Critical condensed mass for activation of black carbon as cloud condensation nuclei in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D20202, doi:10.1029/2009JD012086.
  219. Parrish, D. D., W. C. Kuster, M. Shao, Y. Yokouchi, Y. Kondo, P. D. Goldan, J. A de Gouw, M. Koike, and T. Shirai (2009), Comparison of air pollutant emissions among mega-cities, Atmos. Environ., 43, 6435-6441.
  220. Han, S. Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, Y. Miyazaki, N. Oshima, M. Hu, P. Lin, Z. Deng, Y. Zhao, and N. Sugimoto (2009), Temporal variations of elemental carbon in Beijing, China, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D23202, doi:10.1029/2009JD012027.
  221. Jimenez, J. L., M. R, Canagaratna, N. M. Donahue, A. S. H. Prevot, Q. Zhang, J. H. Kroll, P. F. DeCarlo, J. D. Allan, H. Coe, N. L. Ng, A. C. Aikin, K. D. Docherty, I. M. Ulbrich, A. P. Grieshop, A. L. Robinson, J. Duplissy, J. D. Smith, K. R. Wilson, V. A. Lanz, C. Hueglin, Y. L. Sun, A. Laaksonen, T. Raatikainen, J. Rautiainen, P. Vaattovaara, M. Ehn, M. Kulmala, J. M. Tomlinson, D. R. Collins, M. J. Cubison, E. J. Dunlea, J. A. Huffman, T. B. Onasch, M. R. Alfarra, P. I. Williams, K. Bower, Y. Kondo, J. Schneider, F. Drewnick, S. Borrmann, S. Weimer, K. Demerjian, D. Salcedo, L. Cottrell, R. Griffin, A. Takami, T. Miyoshi, S. Hatakeyama, A. Shimono, J. Y. Sun, Y. M. Zhang, K. Dzepina, J. R. Kimmel, D. Sueper, J. T. Jayne, S. C. Herndon, A. M. Trimborn, L. R. Williams, E. C. Wood, C. E. Kolb, U. Baltensperger, and D. R. Worsnop (2009), Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525-1529.
  222. Koch, D., M. Schulz, S. Kinne, G. Schuster, T. C. Bond, A. Clarke, D. W. Fahey, S. Freitag, C. McNaughton, J. R. Spackman, Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, L. Sahu, H. Sakamoto, N. Takegawa, Y. Zhao, Y. Balkanski, Susanne Bauer, T. Berntsen, T. Berglen, O. Boucher, M. Chin, F. Dentener, T. Diehl, R. Easter, H. Feichter, D. Fillmore, S. Ghan, P. Ginoux, S. Gong, A. Grini, L. Horowitz, T. Iversen, A. Kirkevag, M. Krol, X. Liu, R. Miller, V. Montanaro, G. Myhre, J. Penner, J. Perlwitz, G. Pitari, S. Reddy, Ø. Seland, P. Stier, T. Takemura, C. Textor, Z. Klimont, J. A. van Aardenne (2009), Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 9001-9026.
  223. Shiraiwa, M., Y. Kondo, T. Iwamoto, and K. Kita (2010), Amplification of light absorption of black carbon by organic coating, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 44, 46-54.
  224. Nakayama, T., Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, L. K. Sahu, T. Kinase, K. Kita, and Y. Matsumi (2010), Size-dependent correction factors for absorption measurements using filter-based photometers: PSAP and COSMOS, J. Aerosol Sci., 41, 333-343.
  225. Lu, K., Y. Zhang, H. Su, T. Brauers, C. C. Chou, A. Hofzumahaus, S. C. Liu, K. Kita, Y. Kondo, M. Shao, A. Wahner, J. Wang, X. Wang, and T. Zhu (2010), Oxidant (O3 + NO2) production processes and formation regimes in Beijing, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D07303, doi:10.1029/2009JD012714.
  226. Moteki, N., Y. Kondo, T. Nakayama, K. Kita, L. K. Sahu, T. Ishigai, T. Kinase, and Y. Matsumi (2010), Radiative transfer modeling of filter-based measurements of light absorption by particles: Importance of particle size dependent penetration depth, J. Aerosol Science, 41, 401-412.
  227. Moteki, N., Y. Kondo, and S. Nakamura (2010), Method to measure refractive indices of small nonspherical particles: Application to black carbon particlers, J. Aerosol Sci., 41, 513-521.
  228. Nakayama, T., R. Hagino, Y. Matsumi, Y. Sakamoto, M. Kawasaki, A. Yamazaki, A. Uchiyama, R. Kudo, N. Moteki, Y. Kondo and K. Tonokura (2010) , Measurements of aerosol optical properties in the central Tokyo during summertime using cavity ring-down spectroscopy: Comparison with conventional techniques, Atmos. Environ.,44, 3034-3042, DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.008.
  229. Verma, R. L., L. K. Sahu, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, Jin Sang Jung, Y. J. Kim, Shaojia Fan, N. Sugimoto, H. Shamma, Y. H. Zhang, and Y. Zhao (2010), Temporal variations of black carbon in Guangzhou, China, in summer 2006, Atmos. Phys. Chem., 10, 6471-6485.
  230. Moteki, N., and Y. Kondo (2010), Dependence of laser-induced incandescence on physical properties of black carbon aerosols: Measurements and theoretical interpretation, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 44, 663-675.
  231. Kondo, Y., N. Takegawa, H. Matsui, T. Miyakawa, M. Koike, Y. Miyazaki, Y. Kanaya, M. Mochida, M. Kuwata, Y. Morino, and M. Shiraiwa (2010), Formation and transport of aerosols in Tokyo in relation to their physical and chemical properties -A review-, J. Metorol. Soc. Jpn., 88, 597-624.
  232. Lou, S., F. Holland, F. Rohrer, K. Lu, B. Bohn, T. Brauers, C. C. Chang, H. Fuchs, R. Häseler, K. Kita, Y. Kondo, X. Li, M. Shao, L. Zeng, A. Wahner, Y. Zhang, W. Wang, and A. Hofzumahaus (2010), Atmospheric OH reactivities in the Pearl River Delta-China in summer 2006: Measurement and model results, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 11243–11260.
  233. Yue, D. L., M. Hu, Z. J. Wu, S. Guo, M. T. Wen, A. Nowak, B. Wehner, A. Wiedensohler,, N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, X. S.Wang, Y. P. Li, L. M. Zeng, and Y. H. Zhang (2010), Variation of particle number size distributions and chemical compositions at the urban and downwind regional sites in the Pearl River Delta during summertime pollution episodes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 9431–9439.
  234. Singh, H. B., B. E. Anderson, W. H. Brune, C. Cai, J. H. Crawford, R. C. Cohen, E. P. Czech, L. Emmons, H. E. Fuelberg, G. Huey, D. J. Jacob, J. L. Jimenez, Y. Kondo, A. Kaduwela, J. Mao, J. R. Olson, G. W. Sachse, S. A. Vay, A. Weinheimer, P. O Wennberg, A. Wisthaler, and ARCTAS Science Team (2010), Pollution influences on atmospheric composition and chemistry at high northern latitudes: Boreal and California forest fire emissions, Atmos. Environ., 44, 4553-4564.
  235. Matsui, H. M. Koike, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, J. D. Fast, U. Pöschl, R. M. Garland, M. O. Andreae, A. Wiedensohler, N. Sugimoto, and T. Zhu (2010), Spatial and temporal variations of aerosols around Beijing in summer 2006: 2. Local and column aerosol optical properties, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D22207, doi:10.1029/2010JD13895.
  236. Kondo, Y., L. Sahu, N. Moteki, F. Khan, N. Takegawa, X. Liu, M. Koike, T. Miyakawa (2011), Consistency and traceability of black carbon measurements made by laser-induced incandescence, thermal-optical transmittance, and filter-based photo-absorption techniques, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 45, 295-312, DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2010.533215.
  237. Kajino, M, Y. Kondo (2011), EMTACS: Development and regional scale simulation of a size, chemical, mixing state and shape resolved atmospheric particle model, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D02303, doi:10.1029/2010JD015030.
  238. McNaughton, C. S., A. D. Clarke, S. Freitag, V. N. Kasputin, Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, L. Sahu, N. Takegawa, J. P. Schwarz, J. R. Spackman, L. Watts, G. Diskin, J. Podolske, J. S. Holloway, A. Wisthaler, T. Mikoviny, J. de Gouw, C. Warneke, L. Jimenez, M. Cubison, S. G. Howell, A. Middlebrook, R. Bahreini, B. E. Anderson, E. Winstead, K. L. Thornhill, D. Lack, J. Cozic, J, and C. A. Brock (2011), Absorbing aerosol in the troposphere of the Western Arctic during the 2008 ARCTAS/ARCPAC airborne field campaigns, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7561-7582.
  239. Tilmes, S., L. K. Emmons1, K. S. Law, G. Ancellet, H. Schlager, J.-D. Paris, H. E. Fuelberg, D. G. Streets, C. Wiedinmyer, G. S. Diskin, Y. Kondo, J. Holloway, J. P. Schwarz, J. R. Spackman, T. Campos1, P. N´ed´elec, and M. V. Panchenko (2011), Source contributions to Northern Hemisphere CO and black carbon during spring and summer 2008 from POLARCAT and START08/preHIPPO observations and MOZART-4, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 5935-5983, 10.5194/acpd-11-5935-2011.
  240. Matsui, H, Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, N. Takegawa, L. K. Sahu, Y. Zhao, H. E. Fuelberg, W. R. Sessions, G. Diskin, D. R. Blake, A. Wisthaler, and M. Koike (2011), Seasonal variation of the transport of black carbon aerosol from the Asian continent to the Arctic during the ARCTAS aircraft campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D05202, doi:10.1029/2010JD015067.
  241. Rose, D., Gunthe, S. S., Su, H., Garland, R. M., Yang, H., Berghof, M., Cheng, Y. F., Wehner, B., Achtert, P., Nowak, A., Wiedensohler, A., Takegawa, N., Kondo, Y., Hu, M., Zhang, Y., Andreae, M. O., and U. Pöschl (2011), Cloud condensation nuclei in polluted air and biomass burning smoke near the mega-city Guangzhou, China 39 Part 2: Size-resolved aerosol chemical composition, diurnal cycles, and externally mixed weakly CCN-active soot particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2817-2836, doi:10.5194/acp-11-2817-2011.
  242. Kondo, Y., H. Matsui, N. Moteki, L. Sahu, N. Takegawa, M. Kajino, Y. Zhao, M. J. Cubison, J. L. Jimenez, S. Vay, G. S. Diskin, B. Anderson, A. Wisthaler, T. Mikoviny, H. E. Fuelberg, D. R. Blake, G. Huey, A. J. Weinheimer, D. J. Knapp, and H. Brune (2011), Emissions of black carbon, organic, and inorganic aerosols from biomass burning in North America and Asia in 2008,J. Geophys. Res., 116, D08204, doi:10.1029/2010JD015152.
  243. Moteki, N., N. Takegawa, K. Koizumi, T. Nakamura, Y. Kondo (2011), Multiangle polarimetry of thermal emission and light scattering by indivisual particles in airflow, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 45, 1184-1198.
  244. Ohata, S., N. Moteki, and Y. Kondo (2011), Evaluation of a method for measurement of the concentration and size distribution of black carbon particles suspended in rainwater, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 45, 1326-1335.
  245. Gunthe, S. S., D. Rose, H.Su, R. M. Garland, P. Achtert, A. Nowak, A. Wiedensohler, M. Kuwata, N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, M. Hu, M. Shao, T. Zhu, M. O. Andreae, and U. Pösch (2011), Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from fresh and aged air pollution in the megacity region of Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11,023-11,039.
  246. Wang, Q., D. J. Jacob, J. A. Fisher, J. Mao, P. L. Sager, E. M. Leibensperger, C. C. Carouge, Y. Kondo, J.-L. Jimenez, M. J. Cubison, and S. J. Doherty (2011), Sources of carbonaceous aerosols and deposited black carbon in the Arctic in winter-spring: implications for radiative forcing, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 12453-12473.
  247. Vay, S. A., Y. Choi, K. P. Vadrevu, D. R. Blake, S. C. Tyler, A. Wisthaler, A. Hecobian, Y. Kondo, G. S. Diskin, G. W. Sachse, J-H. Woo, A. J. Weinheimer, E.T. Olsen, A. Stohl, J. F. Burkhart, and P. O. Wennberg (2011), Patterns of CO2 and radiocarbon across high northern latitudes during IPY 2008, J. Geophys. Res., D14301, doi:10.1029/2011JD015643.
  248. Sahu, L. K., Y. Kondo, Y. Miyazaki, N.T. Kim Oanh, Prapat Pongkiatkul (2011), Seasonal and diurnal variations of black carbon and organic carbon aerosols in Bangkok, J. Geophys. Res., D15302, doi:10.1029/2010JD015563.
  249. Kondo, Y. N. Oshima, M. Kajino, R. Mikami, N. Moteki, N. Takegawa, R. L. Verma, Y. Kajii, S. Kato, and A. Takami (2011), Emissions of black carbon in East Asia estimated from the observations at a remote site in the East China Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D16291, doi:10.1029/2011JD015637.
  250. Xiao, R., N. Takegawa, M. Zheng, Y. Kondo, Y. Miyazaki, T. Miyakawa, M. Hu, M. Shao, L. Zeng, Y. Gong, K. Lu, Z. Deng, Y. Zhao, and Y. H. Zhang (2011), Characterization and source apportionment of submicron aerosol with aerosol mass spectrometer during the PRIDE-PRD 2006 campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11 (14), 6911-6929 DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-6911-2011.
  251. Matsui, H, M. Koike, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, A. Wiedensohler, J. D. Fast, and R. A. Zaveri (2011), Impact of new particle formation on the concentrations of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei around Beijing, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D19208, doi:10.1029/2011JD016025.
  252. Matsui, H., Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, N. Takegawa, L. K. Sahu, M. Koike, Y. Zhao, H. E. Fuelberg, W. R. Sessions, G. Diskin, B. E. Anderson, D. R. Blake, A. Wisthaler, M. J. Cubison, and J. L. Jimenez (2011), Accumulation mode aerosol number concentrations in the Arctic during the ARCTAS aircraft campaign: Long-range transport of polluted and clean air from Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D20217, doi:10.1029/2011JD016189.
  253. Verma, R. L., Y. Kondo, N. Oshima, H. Matsui, K. Kita, L. K. Sahu, S. Kato, Y. Kajii, A. Takami, and T. Miyakawa (2011), Seasonal variations of the transport of black carbon and carbon monoxide from the Asian continent to the western Pacific in the boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D21307, doi:10.1029/2011JD015830.
  254. Wang, Y., X. Wang, Y. Kondo, M. Kajino, J. W. Munger, and J. Hao (2011), Black carbon and its correlation with trace gases at a rural site in Beijing: Top-down constraints from ambient measurements on bottom-up emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D24304, doi:10.1029/2011JD016575.
  255. Jung, J., Y. J. Kim, K. Y. Lee, K. Kawamura, M. Hu, and Y. Kondo (2011), The effects of accumulated refractory particles and the peak inert mode temperature on semi-continuous organic carbon and elemental carbon measurements during the CAREBeijing 2006 campaign, Atmos. Environ., 45, 7192-7200.
  256. Cheng, Y. F., H. Su, D. Rose, G. G. Gunthe, M. Berghor, B. Wehner, P. Achtert, A. Nowak, N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, M. Shiraiwa, Y. G. Gong, M. Shao, M. Hu, T. Zhu, Y. H. Zhang (2012), A. Wiedensohler, M. O. Andreae, and U. Pöschl, Size-resolved measurement of the mixing state of soot in the megacity Beijing, China: diurnal cycle, aging and parameterization, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4477-4491.
  257. Takegawa, N., T. Miyakawa, T. Nakamura, Y. Sameshita, M. Takei, Y. Kondo, and N. Hirayama (2012), Evaluation of a new particle trap in a lsaser desorption mass spectrometer for on-line measurement of aerosol composition, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 46, 428-443.
  258. Oshima, N., Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, N. Takegawa, M. Koike, K. Kita, H. Matsui, M. Kajino, H. Nakamura, J. S. Jung, and Y. J. Kim (2012), Wet removal of black carbon in Asian outflow: Aerosol Radiative Forcing in East Asia (A-FORCE) aircraft campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D03204, doi:10.1029/2011JD016552.
  259. Lu, K.D., F. Rohrer, F. Holland, H. Fuchs, B. Bohn, T. Brauers, C. C. Chang, R. Haseler, M. Hu1, K. Kita, Y. Kondo, X. Li, S. R. Lou, M. Shao, L. M. Zeng, A. Wahner, Y. H. Zhang, and A. Hofzumahaus (2012), Observations and modeling of OH and HO2 concentrations in the Pearl River Delta 2006: a missing OH source in a VOC rich atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1541-1569.
  260. Hu, W. W., M. Hu, Z. Q. Deng, R. Xiao, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, Y. J. Zhao, S. Guo, and Y. H. Zhang (2012), The characteristics and origins of carbonaceous aerosol at a rural site of PRD in summer of 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 1811-1822.
  261. Huang, M., G. R. Carmichael, S. Kulkarni, D. G. Streets, Z. Lu, Q. Zhang, R. B. Pierce, Y. Kondo, J. L. Jimenez, M. J. Cubison, B. Andesrson, and A. Wisthaler, (2012) Sectoral and geographical contributions to summertime continental United States (CONUS) black carbon spatial distributions, Atmos. Environ., 51, 165-174.
  262. Kondo, Y., K. Ram, N. Takegawa, L. Sahu, Y. Morino, X. Liu, and T. Ohara (2012), Reduction of black carbon aerosol in Tokyo: Comparison of real-time observations with emission estimates, Atmos. Env., 54, 242-249.
  263. Khatri, P. T. Takamura, A. Yamazaki, and Y. Kondo (2012), Retrieval of key aerosol optical parameters from spectral direct and diffuse irradiances observed by a radiometer with non-ideal cosine response characteristic, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 29, 683-696.
  264. Moteki, N., Y. Kondo, N. Oshima, N. Takegawa, M. Koike, K. Kita, H. Matsui, and M. Kajino (2012), Size dependence of wet removal of black carbon aerosols during transport from the boundary layer to the free troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, doi:10.1029/2012GL052034.
  265. Sahu, L. K., Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, N. Takegawa, Y. Zhao, M. J. Cubison, J. L. Jimenez, S. Vay, G. S. Diskin, A. Wisthaler , T. Mikoviny, and L. G. Huey (2012), Emission characteristics of black carbon in anthropogenic and biomass burning plumes over California during ARCTAS-CARB 2008, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D16302, doi:10.1029/2011JD017401.
  266. Koike, M., N. Takegawa, N. Moteki, Y. Kondo, H. Nakamura, K. Kita, H. Matsui, N. Oshima, M. Kajino, and T. Y. Nakajima (2012), Measurements of regional-scale aerosol impacts on cloud microphysics over the East China Sea: Possible influences of warm sea surface temperature over the Kuroshio ocean current, J.Geophys. Res.,117, D17205, doi:10.1029/2011JD017324.
  267. Kanaya, Y., F. Taketani, Y. Komazaki, X. Liu, Y. Kondo, L. K. Sahu, H. Irie, H. Takashima (2013), Comparison of black carbon mass concentrations observed by multi-angle absorption photometer (MAAP) and continuous soot-monitoring system (COSMOS) on Fukue Island and in Tokyo, Japan, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 47, 1-10.
  268. Lu, K. D., A. Hofzumahaus, F. Holland, B. Bohn, T. Brauers, H. Fuchs,M. Hu, R. Häseler, K. Kita, Y. Kondo, X. Li, S. R. Lou, A. Oebel, M. Shao1, L. M. Zeng, A. Wahner, T. Zhu, Y. H. Zhang, and F. Rohrer (2013), Missing OH source in a suburban environment near Beijing: observed and modelled OH and HO2 concentrations in summer 2006, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1057-1080.
  269. Bian, H., P. R. Colarco, M. Chin, G. Chen, J. Rodriguez, Q. Liang, D. Blake, D. A. Chu, A. da Silva, A. S. Darmenov, G. Diskin, H. E. Fuelberg, G. Huey, Y. Kondo, J. E. Nielsen, X. Pan, and A. Wisthaler (2013), Source attributions of pollution to the Western Arctic during the NASA ARCTAS field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4707-4721.
  270. Bond, T. C., S. J. Doherty, D. W. Fahey, P. M. Forster, T. Berntsen, O. Boucher, B. J. DeAngelo, M. G. Flanner, S. Ghan, B. Kärcher, D. Koch, S. Kinne, Y. Kondo, P. K. Quinn, M. C. Sarofim, M. G. Schulz, M. Schulz, C. Venkataraman, H. Zhang, S. Zhang, N. Bellouin, S. Guttikunda, P. K. Hopke, M. J. Jacobson, J. Kaiser, Z. Klimont, U. Lohmann, J. P. Schwarz, D. Shindell, T. Storelvmo, S. G. Warren, and C. S. Zender (2013), Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50171.
  271. Liu, X., Y. Kondo, K. Ram, H. Matsui, N. Oshima, K. Nakagomi, T. Ikeda, N. Oshima, R. L. Verma, N. Takegawa, M. Koike, and M. Kajino (2013), Seasonal variations of black carbon observed at the remote mountain site Happo in Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 3709-3722, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50317.
  272. Wang, X., Y. Wang, J. Hao, Y. Kondo, M. Irwin, J. W. Munger, Y. Zhao (2013) Top-down estimate of China’s black carbon emissions using surface observations: sensitivity to observation representativeness and transport model error, J. Geophys. Res., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50379.
  273. Irwin, M., Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, and T. Miyakawa (2013) Evaluation of a heated-inlet for calibration of the SP2, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 47, 895-905.
  274. Moteki, N., and Y. Kondo (2013), A new theoretical method for calculating temperature and water vapor saturation ratio in an expansion cloud chamber, J. Geophys. Res., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50517.
  275. Takegawa, N., N. Moteki, M. Koike, N. Oshima, and Y. Kondo (2013), Condensation particle counters combined with a low pressure impactor for fast measurements of mode-segregated aerosol number concentrations, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 47, 1059-1065.
  276. Ohata, S., N. Moteki, J. Schwarz, D. Fahey, and Y. Kondo (2013), Evaluation of a method to measure black carbon particles suspended in rainwater and snow samples, Aerosl Sci. Technol, 47, 1073-1082.
  277. Matsui, H., M. Koike, Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, J. D. Fast, and R. A. Zaveri (2013), Development and validation of a black carbon mixing state resolved three-dimensional model: Aging processes and radiative impact, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 2304-2326, doi:10.1029/2012JD018446.
  278. Aoki, H., N. Moteki, and Y. Kondo (2013), Corona-imaging colorimetric method for accurate measurement of the size of water droplets in an expansion chamber, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 47, 1134-1143.
  279. Matsui, H., M. Koike, Y. Kondo, N. Oshima, N. Moteki, Y. Kanaya, A. Takami, and M. Irwin (2013), Seasonal variations of Asian black carbon outflow to the Pacific: Contribution from anthropogenic sources in China and biomass burning sources in Siberia and Southeast Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 9947-9967, doi:10.1002/jgrd50702.
  280. Matsui, H., M. Koike, N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, A. Takami, T. Takamura, S. Yoon, S.-W. Kim, H.-C. Lim, and J. D. Fast (2013), Spatial and temporal variations of new particle formation in East Asia using the NPF-explicit WRF-chem model, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 11,647-11,663, doi:10.1002jgrd.50821.
  281. Oshima, N., M. Koike, Y. Kondo, H. Nakamura, N. Moteki, H. Matsui, N. Takegawa, and K. Kita (2013), Vertical transport mechanisms of black carbon over East Asia in spring during the A-FORCE aircraft campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 13175- 13198, doi:10.1002/2013JD020262.
  282. Koike, M., N. Moteki, K. Pradeep, T. Takamura, N. Takegawa, Y. Kondo, H. Matsui, A. Shimizu, and N. Sugimoto (2014), Case study of absorption aerosol optical depth closure over the East China Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 122-136, doi:10.1002/2013JD020163.
  283. Moteki, N., Y. Kondo, and K. Adachi (2014), Identification by single-particle soot photometer of black carbon particles attached to other particles: Laboratory experiments and ground observations in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res., 119, doi:10.1002/2013JD020655.
  284. Matsui, H., M. Koike, Y. Kondo, A. Takami, J. D. Fast, Y. Kanaya, and M. Takigawa (2014), Volatility basis-set approach simulation of organic aerosol formation in East Asia: implications for anthropogenic-biogenic interaction and controllable amounts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9513-9535.
  285. Rohrer, F., K. Lu, A. Hofzumahaus, B. Bohn, T. Brauers, C.-C. Chsang, H. Fuchs, R. Häseler, F. Holland, M. Hu, K. Kita, Y. Kondo, X. Li, S. Lou, A. Oebel, M. shao, L. Zeng, T. Zhu, Y. Zhang, and A. Wahner (2014), Maximun efficiency in the hydroxyl-radical-based self-cleansing of the troposphere, Nature Geoscience, 7, 559-563.
  286. Mori, T., Y. Kondo, S. Ohata, N. Moteki, H. Matsui, N. Oshima, and A. Iwasaki (2014), Wet deposition of black carbon at a remote site in the East China Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 119, doi:10.1002/2014JD022103.
  287. Matsui, H., M. Koike, Y. Kondo, J. D. Fast, and M. Takigawa (2014), Development of an aerosol microphysical module: Aerosol Two-dimensional bin module for foRmation and Aging Simulation (ATRAS), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10315-10331.
  288. Samset, B. H., G. Myhre, H. Herber, Y. Kondo, S. Li, N. Moteki, M. Koike, N. Oshima, J. P. Schwarz, Y. Balkanski, S. E. Bauer, N. Bellouin, T. K. Berntsen, H. Bian, M. Chin, T. Diehl, R. C. Easter, S. J. Ghan, T. Iversen, A. Kirkevåg, J.-F. Lamarque, G. Lin, X. Liu, J. E. Penner, M. Schulz, Ø. Seland, R. B. Skeie, P. Stier, T. Takemura, K. Tsigaridis, and K. Zhang (2014), Modeled black carbon radiative forcing and atmospheric lifetime in AeroCom Phase II constrained by aircraft observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12465-12477.
  289. Takegawa N., N. Moteki, N. Oshima, M. Koike, K. Kita, N. Oshima, A. Shimizu, N. Sugimoto, and Y. Kondo (2014), Variability of aerosol particle number concentrations observed over the western Pacific in the spring of 2009, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 13474-13488, doi:10.1002/2014JD022014.
  290. Irwin, M., Y. Kondo, and N. Moteki (2015), An empirical correction factor for filter-based photo-absorption black carbon measurements, J. Aerosol Sci., 80, 86-97.
  291. Kondo, Y. (2015), Effects of black carbon on climate: Advances in measurement and modeling, Monogr. Environ. Earth Planets, 3, 1-85, doi:10.5047/meep.2015.00301.0001.
  292. Zamora, L. M., R. A. Kahn, M. J. Cubison, G. S. Diskin, J. L. Jimenez, Y. Kondo, G. M. McFarquhar, A. Nenes, K. L. Thornhill, A. Wisthaler, A. Zelenyuk, and L. D. Ziemba (2016), Aircraft-measured indirect cloud effects from biomass burning smoke in the Arctic and subarctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 715-738.
  293. Ohata, S, J. P. Schwarz, N. Moteki, M. Koike, A. Takami, and Y. Kondo (2016), Hygroscopicity of materials internally mixed with black carbon measured in Tokyo, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, doi10.1002/2015JD024153.
  294. Alvarado, M. J., C. R. Lonsdale, M. L. Macintyre, H. Bian, M. Chin, D. A. Ridley, C. L. Healed, K. L. Thornhill, B. E. Andesrson, M. J. Cubison, J. L., Jimenez, Y. Kondo, K. L. Sahu, J. E. Dibb, and C., Wang (2016), Evaluating model paramterizations of submicron aerosol scattering and absorpation with in situ data from ARCTAS 2008, Atmos. Chem. Phys. doi:10.5194/acp-16-9435-2016, 9435-9455.
  295. Mori, T., N. Moteki, S. Ohata, M. Koike, K. G.-Azuma, Y. Miyazaki, and Y. Kondo (2016), Improved technique for measuring the size distribution of black carbon particles in liquid water, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 50, 242-254.
  296. Yoshida. A., N. Moteki, S. Ohata, T. Mori, R. Tada, P. Dagsson-Waldhauserová, and Y. Kondo (2016), Detection of light-absorbing iron oxide particles using a modified single-particle soot photometer, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 50, i-iv, doi:10.1080/02786826.2016.1146402.
  297. Miyakawa, T., Y. Kanaya, Y. Komazaki, T. Miyoshi, H. Nara, A. Takami, N. Moteki, M. Koike, and Y. Kondo (2016), Emission regulations altered the concentrations, origin, and formation of carbonaceous aerosols in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Aerosol and Air Quality Res., 16, 1603-1604.
  298. Kondo, Y., N. Moteki, N. Oshima, S. Ohata, M. Koike, Y. Shibano, N. Takegawa, and K. Kita (2016), Effects of wet deposition on the abundance and size distribution of black carbon in East Asia, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, 4691-4712.
  299. Adachi, K., N. Moteki, Y. Kondo, and Y. Igarashi (2016), Mixing states of light-absorbing particles measured using a transmission electron microscope and a single-particle soot photometer in Tokyo, Japan, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, 9153-9164, doi:10.1002/2016JD025153.
  300. Ohata, S., N. Moteki, T. Mori, M. Koike, and Y. Kondo (2016), A key process controlling the wet removal of aerosols: new observational evidence, Scientific Reports, 6, 34113; doi: 10.1038/srep34113.
  301. Kanaya, Y., X. Pan, T. Miyakawa, Y. Komazaki, F. Taketani, I. Uno, and Y. Kondo (2016), Long-term observations of black carbon mass concentrations at Fukue Island, western Japan, during 2009–2015: Constraining wet removal rates and emission strengths from East Asia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10689-10705.
  302. Sinha, P. R., Y. Kondo, M. Koike, J. Ogren, A. Jefferson, T. Barrett, R. Sheesley, S. Ohata, N. Moteki, H. Coe, D. Liu, M. Irwin, P. Tunved, P. K. Quinn, and Y. Zhao (2017), Evaluation of ground-based black carbon measurements by filter-based photometers at two Arctic sites, J. Geophys. Res., 122, doi:10.1002/2016JJD025843.
  303. Miyakawa, T., N. Oshima, F. Taketani, Y. Komazaki, A. Yoshino, A. Takami, Y. Kondo, and Y. Kanaya (2017), Alteration of the size distributions and mixing states of black carbon through transport in the boundary layer in east Asia, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 17, 5841-5864, doi:10.5194/acp-17-5851-2017.
  304. Moteki, N., K. Adachi, S. Ohata, A. Yoshida, T. Harigaya, M. Koike, and Y. Kondo (2017), Anthropogenic iron oxide aerosols enhance atmospheric heating, Nature Comm., 8, 15329, doi:10.1038/ncomms15329.
  305. Reddington, C. L., K. S. Carslaw, P. Stier, N. Schutgens, H. Coe, D. Liu , J. Allan, J. Browse, K. J. Pringle, L. A. Lee, M. Yoshioka, J. S. Johnson, L. A. Regayre, D. V. Spracklen, G. W. Mann, A. Clarke, M. Hermann, S. Henning, H Wex, T. Kristensen, R. Leaitch, U. Pöschl, D. Rose, J. Schmale, Y. Kondo, N. Oshima, J. P. Schwarz, A. Nenes, G. C. Roberts, J. R. Snider, C. Leck, P. K. Quinn (2017), The Global Aerosol Synthesis and Science Project (GASSP) Measurements and modelling to reduce uncertainty, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 98, 1857-1877.
  306. Sinha, P. R., Y. Kondo, K. Goto-Azuma, Y. Tsukagawa, K. Fukuda, M. Koike, S. Ohata, N. Moteki, T. Mori, N. Oshima, E. J. Førland, M. Irwin, J.-C. Gallet, and C. A. Pedersen (2018), Seasonal progression of the deposition of black carbon by snowfall at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen, J. Geophys. Res.; Atmospheres, 123, 997-1016. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD028027.
  307. Takigawa, M., M. Yamaguchi, F. Taketani, Y. Kanaya, and Y. Kondo (2018), Near-real-time simulation data of atmospheric components and meteorology in the Arctic region using the WRF-Chem model from August to September, Polar Data Journal, 2, 1-13, http://doi.org/10.20575/00000003.
  308. Zanatta, M., P. Laj, M. Gysel, U. Baltensperger, S. Vratolis, K. Eleftheriadis, Y. Kondo, P. Dubuisson, V. Winiarek, S. Kazadzis, P. Tunved, and H. W. Jacobi (2018), Effects of mixing state on optical and radiative properties of black carbon in the European Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14037-14057, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14037-2018
  309. Lamb, K. D., A. E. Perring, B. Samset, D. Peterson, S. Davis, B. E. Anderson, A. Beyersdorf, D. R. Blake, P. Campuzano-Jost, C. A. Corr, G. S. Diskin, Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, A. Benjamin, B. A. Nault, J. Jun Oh, M. Park, S.E. Pusede, I. J. Simpson, K. L. Thornhill, A. Wisthaler, and J. P. Schwarz (2018), Estimating source region influences on black carbon abundance, microphysics, and radiative effect observed over South Korea. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, 123. 13,527–13,548. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029257.
  310. Tobo, Y., K. Adachi 3, P. J. DeMott, T. C. J. Hill, D. S. Hamilton, N. M. Mahowald, N. Nagatsuka, S. Ohata, J. Uetake, Y. Kondo, and M. Koike (2019), Glacially sourced dust as a potentially significant source of ice nucleating particles, Nature Geosci., 12, 253-258, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0314-x.
  311. Ohata, S., Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, T. Mori, A. Yoshida, P. R. Sinha, and M. Koike (2019), Accuracy of black carbon measurements by a filter-based absorption photometer with a heated inlet, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 53.9. 1079-1091, doi: 10.1080/02786826.2019.1627283.
  312. Goto-Azuma, K., M. Hirabayashi1, H. Motoyama, T. Miyake1, T. Kuramoto, R. Uemura, M. Igarashi, Y. Iizuka, T. Sakurai, S. Horikawa, K. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, K. Fujita, Y. Kondo, S. Hattori, and Y. Fujii (2019), Reduced marine phytoplankton sulphur emissions in the Southern Ocean during the past seven glacials, Nature Comm., 10:3247 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11128-6.
  313. Schacht, J., B. Heinold, J. Quaas, J. Backman, R. Cherian, A. Ehrlich, A. Herber, W. T. K. Huang, Y. Kondo, A. Massling, P. R. Sinha, B. Weinzierl, M. Zanatta, and I. Tegen (2019), The importance of the representation of air pollution emissions for the modeled distribution and radiative effects of black carbon in the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 11159-11183, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11159-2019.
  314. Mori, T., K. Goto-Azuma, Y. Kondo, Y. Ogawa-Tsukagawa, K. Miura, M. Hirabayashi, N. Oshima, M. Koike, K. Kupiainen, N. Moteki, S. Ohata, P. R. Sinha, K. Sugiura, T. Aoki, M. Schneebeli, K. Steffen, A. Sato, A. Tsushima, V. Makarov, S. Omiya, A. Sugimoto, S. Takano, and N. Nagatsuka (2019), Black carbon and inorganic aerosols in Arctic snowpack. J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, 124, 13,325-13,356. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030623.
  315. Kinase, T., Adachi, N. Oshima, K. Goto-Azuma, Y. Ogawa-Tsukagawa, Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, S. Ohata, T. Mori, M. Hayashi, K. Hara, H. Kawashima, and K. Kita (2020), Concentrations and size distributions of black carbon in the surface snow of eastern Antarctica in 2011, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, 125, e2019DJ030737. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030737
  316. Kuze, A, N. Kikuchi, F. Kataoka, H. Suto, K. Shiomi, and Y. Kondo, Detection of methane emission from a local source using GOSAT target observations (2020), Remote Sensing, 12, 267; doi:10.3390/rs12020267
  317. Carter, T. S. C. L. Heald, J. L. Jimenez, Y. Kondo, and R. Gao, How emissions uncertainty influences the distribution and radiative impacts of smoke from fires in North America (2020), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2073-2097, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2073-2020.
  318. Mori, T., S. Ohata, Y. Morino, M. Koike, N. Moteki, and Y. Kondo, Changes in black carbon aerosols in Tokyo in 2003–2017 (2020), Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. B, 96, 122-129.
  319. Tang, W., H. M. Worden, M. N. Deeter, D. P. Edwards, L. K. Emmons, S. Martínez-Alonso, B. Gaubert, R. R. Buchholz, G. S. Diskin, R. R. Dickerson, and Y. Kondo, Validation of MOPITT Carbon Monoxide (CO) retrievals over urban regions (2020). Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1337-1356, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1337-2020.
  320. Kanaya, Y., K. Yamaji, T. Miyakawa, F. Taketani, C. Zhu, Y. Choi, Y. Komazaki, K. Ikeda, Y. Kondo, Z. Klimont, Rapid reduction of black carbon emissions from China based on 2009–2019 observations from Fukue Island, Japan (2020). Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6339-6356, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6339-2020.
  321. Takegawa, N., T. Seto, N. Moteki, M. Koike, N. Oshima, K. Adachi, K. Kita, A. Takami, and Y. Kondo (2020), Enhanced new particle formation above the marine boundary layer over the Yellow Sea: Potential impacts on cloud condensation nuclei, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, 125, e2019JD031448.
  322. Yoshida, A., N. Moteki, S. Ohata, T. Mori, M. Koike, Y. Kondo, H. Matsui, N. Oshima, A. Takami, and K. Kita (2020), Abundances and microphysical properties of light-absorbing iron oxide and black carbon aerosols over the East Asian and Arctic regions, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, in press.
  323. Goto-Azuma, K., T. Homma, T. Saruya, F. Nakazawa, Y. Komuro, N. Nagatsuka, M. Hirabayashi, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, T. Aok, R. Greve, and J. Okuno (2020),, Studies on the variability of the Greenland Ice Sheet and climate, Polar Science, in press.
  324. Mori, T., Y. Kondo, S. Ohata, Y. Zhao, P. R. Sinha, N. Oshima, H. Matsui, N. Moteki, and M. Koike (2020), Seasonal variation of wet deposition of black carbon in Arctic Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, in press.
  325. Koike, M., K. Goto-Azuma, Y. Kondo, H. Matsui, T. Mori, N. Moteki, S. Ohata, H. Okamoto, N. Oshima, K. Sato, T. Takano, and Y. Tobo (2020),, Studies on Arctic aerosols and clouds during the ArCS project, submitted to Polar Science.

科学研究費補助金基盤研究 (A) (20H006380003) の助成を受けた研究の計画と進捗

研究代表者 近藤 豊
期間：2020-2023年度、研究課題名：北極におけるエアロゾルの動態と気候影響
2020年

アラスカにおけるブラックカーボンの湿性沈着の季節変化
Mori, T., Y. Kondo, S. Ohata, Y. Zhao, P. R. Sinha, N. Oshima, H. Matsui, N. Moteki, and M. Koike (2020), Seasonal variation of wet deposition of black carbon in Arctic Alaska, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmospheres, in press.

北極の雪氷面にブラックカーボン（BC）が沈着することにより、雪氷面の太陽光反射率が低下し、雪氷の融解を速めると考えられています。このことを詳しく調べるためには、降水中に含まれるBC濃度の正確な測定が必要です。しかし、これまでこのような観測はほとんどなく、この効果の定量的な推定が困難でした。Mori et al.（2020）はアラスカのバロー観測所（北緯71.3度）で2013-2017年の間、大気と中と降水中のBC濃度の観測を行い、その季節変化を初めて観測しました。夏は森林火災の影響で下層大気中のBC濃度が高くなると考えられ、また降水量も多くなります。このため年間のBCの沈着の約50%は夏の3か月間に起きることが分かりました。また大気・降水中のBC濃度を2つの気候モデルで計算しました。このモデルは観測されたBCの季節変化を比較的良く再現できました。また夏の高濃度BCは森林火災に起因することも示しました。このように、高精度の観測により、気候モデルの計算をチェックすることは、エアロゾルの気候影響をモデルで推定するための、重要な一歩です。

▲